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World War 1 at Sea


ORGANISATION OF THE IMPERIAL GERMAN NAVY  1914-1918


by Dr Graham Watson

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Kaiser Wilhelm II (Supreme Naval Commander) and Admirals Holtzendorff and von Tirpitz (Library of Congress, click to enlarge)

return to World War 1, 1914-1918



 Introduction


My thanks again to Graham Watson, retired from the History Department of Cardiff University, for this valuable contribution to the German Navy in World War 1.


You can find his full list of sources below.


Gordon Smith, Naval-History.Net





   
Contents

 







1. INTRODUCTION TO DIE KAISERLICHE MARINE 1914-1918



SMS Brandenburg, launched 1891, II Squadron,
1893 Battle Fleet (Photo Ships)


It is not the purpose of this article to examine the two most controversial aspects of the Kaiserliche Marine. Was it a 'Luxury Fleet' designed by the Kaiser to fulfil his vanity by creating a battle fleet which would tell the world that Germany had arrived on the world stage?   Or was it an instrument of Admiral Tirpitz's 'risk strategy'? This meant creating a battle fleet sufficiently strong as to make the Royal Navy unwilling to engage it in battle, and so damage or lose its supremacy on the world's oceans.  This article will provide the basic information on the leadership and organisation of the KM which will help readers arrive at their own views on the above questions. This information might  help answer the question of why and how did Germany lose the war at sea  1914-1918.

Highest Level of Leadership and Organisation - Kaiser Wilhelm II was the Commander-in-Chief of the Kaiserliche Marine. All power and authority was in his hands. All decisions and orders were made and issued by him and not just in his name. There was no single senior component of the KM to either advise or challenge his authority.

The administration of the KM was not a coherent unified body capable of either advising or carrying out his orders. The KM was divided in to a number of components, all of which were in a direct line of command to the Kaiser. There was no admiral in overall command of the KM. There was no equivalent of the First Sea Lord or the US Chief of Naval Operations.  This was a recipe for bureaucratic rivalry, and confusion in the implementation of policies.

These bodies were:

1. The Naval Cabinet
2. The Admiralty Staff
3. The Imperial Naval Administration
4. The Inspector-General of the Navy
5. The Baltic Naval Station
6. The North Sea Naval Station
the above are summarised in this Chapter
7. The High Seas Fleet
8. The Overseas Squadrons

The Naval Cabinet was an integral part of the Imperial Household whose principal tasks were promotions and appointments of officers, and the drafting and issuing of the Kaiser's orders.
Since 1906 the Head of the Naval Cabinet was:

Admiral Georg von Muller

He would hold the post until 28.10.1918 when the naval cabinet was absorbed into the Imperial Naval Administration.

The Admiralty Staff was created 14.3.1899 when the Kaiser ordered the disbandment of the Navy High Command. He took over personal command of the Navy and left a small staff to gather intelligence, and prepare plans for operations. It was a purely advisory body with no executive powers. It was similar to the Royal Navy War Staff 1912-1917 but never became the equivalent of the RN's Naval Staff of 1917-1918.

In August 1918, a Supreme Naval Command was created to give clearer direction. The Head of the new command-Admiral Scheer - was co-located with the Kaiser and Army Headquarters in Spa. Scheer's deputy remained in Berlin to administer the domestic affairs of the service.

The Chief of the Admiralty War Staff
12.1899-Vice Admiral Otto von Diederichs
8.1902-Vice Admiral Wilhelm Buchsel
1.1908-Vice Admiral Friedrich von Baudissin
10.1909-Admiral Max von Fischel
3.1911-Vice Admiral August von Heeringen
4.1913-Admiral Hugo von Pohl
2.1915-Vice Admiral Gustav Bachmann
9.1915-Admiral Henning von Holtzendorff
12.8.1918-Admiral Reinhard Scheer [as Chief Supreme Naval Command]

The Deputy Chief of Staff
2.8.1914-Rear Admiral Paul Behnecke
5.9.1915-Vice Reinhard Koch
12.8.1918-Rear Admiral Friedrich Freiherr von Bulow

Other senior members of the Naval Staff were:

Head Central Bureau
1.10.1911-Rear Admiral Albert Hopman
18.4.1915-Rear Admiral Friedrich von Bulow-9.4.1916

Head Operations Bureau
7.10.1916-Rear Admiral Albert Hopman
22.12.1916-Rear Admiral Hermann Nordmann
29.6.1917-Rear Admiral Walter von Keyserligk -5.8.18
 
The Imperial Naval Administration [Reichsmarineamt] was the equivalent of the Admiralty in Britain or the Navy Department in the USA. It was a government ministry subject to the overall direction of the Chancellor. The head of the Imperial Naval Administration [the State Secretary] was the equivalent of the First Lord of the Admiralty, or the Secretary of the Navy. His range of powers were more limited but he was in charge of budgets, relations with the Reichstag in terms of legal authority for his particular areas of interest which were the ship-building programmes.

State Secretary -
6.1897-Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz
3.1916- Admiral Edward von Capelle [ret]
9.1918- Vice Admiral Paul Behnecke
10.1918- Vice Admiral Ernest Mann Edler von Tiechler

Under-Secretary
5.1914-Vice Admiral Edward von Capelle -11.15

Other senior members of the ministry were:

Nautical Department
Vice Admiral Max von Gradow
9.1915-Vice Admiral Friedrich Gadecke
12.1916-Vice Admiral Herman Albertus
5.1918-Rear Admiral Carl Heuser

Armaments Department
Vice Admiral Gerhart Gerdes
10.1917-Rear Admiral Maximilian Rogge

Shipyard Department
Vice Admiral Karl Dick
4.1916-Vice Admiral Hugo Kraft -12.17
8.1918-Rear Admiral Carl Hollweg

Naval Construction Department
11.1913-Vice Admiral Freidrich Schrader -9.18

Submarine Bureau
12.1917-Rear Admiral Ernst von Mann Edler und Tiechler-10.18

German Department
7.1914-Rear Admiral Friedrich Bodicker
8.1915-Rear Admiral Georg Herbinghaus-10.18

States Department
3.1914-Vice Admiral Harald Dahnhardt -1.16

The Inspector-General of the Navy was responsible for the efficiency of various components of the navy.

The Inspector General from 1.01.09 to 10.8.19 was:

Prince Henry of Prussia  [the Kaiser's brother]

The prince was also supreme commander in the Baltic and therefore superior to the commander Baltic Naval Station. 

2nd Inspector-General
05.08.1914- Rear Admiral Karl Zimmerman
24.02.1916- Rear Admiral Robert Kuhne
19.01.1918- Rear Admiral Wilhelm Hopfner

The principal inspectorates and their Inspector-Generals were:
IG Coast Artillery & Mines
IG Ship Artillery
IG Naval Construction
IG Torpedoes
IG Depots
to which was added
1.11.1917-IG Submarine Weapons

The Baltic Naval Station was one of two commands which reflected the geographic division of the German coastline. It combined administration, support and operations in its headquarters at Kiel. Major subordinate units were:

1st Seaman Division at Kiel
1st Marine Artillery Division at Friedrichsort
1st Torpedo Division at Kiel
1st Battalion of Marines.

The dockyards and bases at Kiel and Danzig were the most visible components. For coast defence it was sub-divided into three inspectorates:

for East and West Prussia at Neufahrwasser;
for Pomerania and Mecklenburg at Stettin, and
for Schleswig-Holstein at Husum.

It hosted several organisations and staffs who were responsible to the authorities in Berlin. It had naval forces for local operations

Commander, Baltic Naval Station
7.1914-Vice Admiral Gustav Bachmann
2.1915-Admiral Friedrich von Ingenohl
9.1915-Admiral Georg Bachmann
10.1918-Admiral Wilhelm Souchon
11.1918-Admiral Konrad Henkel-Gebhardi

Chief of Staff
10.1912-Rear Admiral Georg Herbinghaus
12.1914-Rear Admiral Arthur Tapken
12.1915-Rear Admiral Herman Alberts
12.1916-Rear Admiral Hans Kusel
12.1917-Rear Admiral Ludorf von Ussler -11.18

Commander Kiel Base
7.1910-Vice Admiral Konrad Henkel-Gebhardi -10.18

Kiel Fortress
8.1914-Vice Admiral Reinhard Koch
9.1915-Rear Admiral Georg von Ammon
12.1916-Rear Admiral Hans Uthmann
11.1917-Rear Admiral Theodor Fuchs -11.18

Danzig Naval Base
09.10.1911-Rear Admiral Franz von Hulleben
9.1917-Rear Admiral Carl Hollnet-8.18

Coast Defences, Baltic
7.1914-Rear Admiral Robert Mische
1.1917-Rear Admiral Harwarth Schmidt von Schmid -8.17

Security, Baltic
1.1916-Rear Admiral Hugo Langemarck [& TBF Ldr]
8.1917-Rear Admiral Herman Nordmann [& West Baltic 1.18-2.19]
8.1918-Rear Admiral Walter Keyserligk -8.19

Scouting Forces, Baltic
4.1915-Rear Admiral Albert Hopman
1.1916-Vice Admiral Friedrich Schulz
6.1916-Vice Admiral Albert Hopman -12.17


The above map was prepared for World War 2 projects, but includes some locations mentioned here


The North Sea Naval Station
had similar responsibilities as the Baltic Naval Station. Headquarters were located at Wilhelmshaven. In addition, it was the 'host' for the High Seas Fleet. Major subordinate units included:

2nd Seaman Division
2nd, 3rd, 4th Marine Artillery Divisions
2nd Torpedo Division
2nd Battalion of Marines.

Its prime facility was the dockyard and base at Wilhelmshaven. Coast defence was divided between three inspectorates:

for Elbe and Weser at Bremerhaven;
for the Jade at Wilhelmshaven; and
Heligoland.

It had naval forces for local operations .

Commander-
7.1914-Vice Admiral [3.15-Admiral] Gunther Krosigk -12.18

Chief of Staff
8.1914-??
12.1916-Rear Admiral Constanz Feldt -7.18

Wilhelmshaven Base
3.1914-Rear Admiral Hugo Kraft
3.1916-rear Admiral Richard Engel -3.19

Wilhelmshaven Fortress
Rear Admiral Friedrich Schulz
10.1914-Rear Admiral Alfred Erlich
6.1916-Vice Admiral Friedrich Schulz
11.1917-Rear Admiral Hans Uthmann
12.1917-Rear Admiral Edward Varrentraps -1.19

Wesermunde Fortress
8.1914-Vice Admiral Johannes Schroder
2.1916-??

Helgoland Fortress
10.1912-Vice Admiral Leo Jacobsen -1.19







2. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HIGH SEAS FLEET AND OVERSEAS STATIONS
 

SMS Pommern, II Squadron, May 1908 (Maritime Quest)



The High Seas Fleet
(FF- Fleet flagship, F - Flagship)

The battle fleet was formed in 1891 when two squadrons were formed, each of which was activated during the summer months. In winter, they remained in the relevant home port. 

In 1893, the battle fleet consisted of 2 squadrons of four battleships each:

I Squadron II Squadron
Baden
Bayern
Sachsen
Wurttemberg
Konig Wilhelm
Deutschland
Friedrich der Grosse
Brandenburg
 
In 1897, the organisation of the fleet was:

I Squadron II Squadron 1st Cruiser Squadron 2nd Cruiser
Kurfust Friedrich Wilhem
Brandenburg
Weissenburg
Worth
Baden
Bayern
Oldenburg
Sachsen
Kaiser
Prinz Wilhelm
Irene
Arcona
Squadron-
Deutschland
Kaiserin Augusta
Gefion

The Home Battle Fleet was formed on 4th August 1903, with the ships being active all year.

I Squadron II Squadron Scouting Squadron
Kaiser Wilhelm II [F]
Kaiser Friedrich III
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse
Kaiser Karl der Grosse
Wittenburg [2F]
Wettin
Weissenburg
Zahringen
Hildebrand [F]
Beowulf
Frithjof
Odin
Prinz Heinrich[F]
Friedrich Carl
Amazone
Arcona
Ariadne
Frauenlob
Medusa
Niobe
The active fleet included 2 torpedo boat flotilla, each 1 leader and 2  half-flotillas of 5 boats.

On 16th February 1907 the Home Battle Fleet was retitled the High Seas Fleet. This basic structure of two battle squadrons of eight ships each, and a cruiser force was retained.  In May 1908 its strength was:

Deutschland [FF]
I Squadron II Squadron Scouting Force
Wittelsbach [F]
Mecklenburg
Wettin
Zahringen
Kaiser Wilhelm II [2F]
Kaiser Barbasrossa
Kaiser Karl der Grosse
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grose
Pruessen [F]
Elsass
Hannover
Hessen
Braunschweig [2F]
Lothringen
Pommern
[Deutschland]
Scharnhorts [F]
Gneisenau
Danzig
Hamburg
Konigsberg
Roon [2F]
Yorck
Berlin
Lubeck
Stettin
The torpedo boats were organised into two manouevre flotillas [3rd & 4th], a school flotilla [2nd] and a reserve flotilla [1st].

By 1912, the High Seas Fleet had evolved into:

  Deutschland [Fleet Flagship]
I Squadron II Squadron Armoured Cruisers Reserve
Ostfriesland[F]
Helgoland
Oldenburg
Thuringen
Posen [2F]
Nassau
Rheinland
Westfalen
Preussen [F]
Hessen
Pommern
Schlesien
Hannover [2F]
Braunschweig
Lothrinngen
Schleswig-Holstein
Moltke  [F]
Von der Tann
Yorck [2F]

Berlin
Breslau
Dresden
Kolberg
Koln
Mainz
Stettin
North Sea
Wittelsbach
Zahringen
Mecklenburg
Schwaben

Baltic
K. Wilhelm II
K. Friedrich III
K. Barbarossa
K. Willhem der Grosse

The torpedo boat flotillas had increased to six - 3rd & 6th [Manouevre]; 1st and 4th [School]; and 2nd and 5th [Reserve]. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd were based at Kiel, and the 4th, 5th and 6th at Wilhelmshaven.

The III Squadron was to form 1913-1914.

The Overseas Squadrons

The German Navy had deployed forces to various parts of the world for several decades. The most important were:

The East African Squadron. which was incorporated into the Cruiser Squadron in 1886. The Cruiser Squadron operated a vast area from East Africa, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific until it was broken up into more manageable stations in March 1893.

In 1897, the distribution of German forces was:

East Asia - 1 cruiser [Kormoran]
Pacific - 3 cruisers [Bussard, Falke, Mowe]
East Africa - 2 cruisers [Kondor, Seawolf]
West Africa -2 gunboats [Habicht, Hyane]

Until 1898, the East Asia Squadron was a relatively small force which grew substantially with the German involvement in China. The seizure of a base at Tsingtao was accomplished by a substantial force which included the four battleships of the Active Fleet's 2nd Division/I Squadron, 4 armoured cruisers, 6 light cruisers, 4 gunboats, and 3 torpedo boats.

By 1902, the East Asia Squadron had been reduced to the size which became relatively fixed for the next 12 years:

2 1st class cruisers  [Furst Bismarck, Kaiserin Augusta]
2 2nd class cruisers [Hansa, Hertha]
5 3rd class cruisers [Bussard, Geier, Seadler, Schwabe, Thetis]
 
By 1912, the East Asia Squadron included:

2 armoured cruisers [Gneisenau, Scharnhorst]
3 light cruisers [Leipzig, Nurnberg, Emden]

As will be seen below, by 1914 German forces overseas comprised 5 cruisers in the East Asia Squadron, 2 cruisers in South American/West Indian waters, and 1 in East Africa. They were supported by gunboats and smaller vessels.

From 1913, a cruiser squadron was deployed to the Mediterranean, composed of battle-cruiser Goeben and the light cruiser Breslau.







3. DISTRIBUTION OF GERMAN NAVAL FORCES, 10th August 1914



Vice-Admiral Scheer, II Squadron
(Library of Congress)


THE HIGH SEAS FLEET


Battle Squadrons and Scouting Groups

Friedrich der Grosse  [Admiral von Ingenohl]
I Squadron II Squadron III Squadron
Ostfriesland [V.Ad. von Lans]
Thuringen
Helgoland
Oldenburg
Posen [R.Ad Gadeke]
Rheinland
Nassau
Westfalen
Preussen [V.Ad. R. Scheer]
Schlesien
Hessen
Lothringen
Hannover [R.Ad. Mauve]
Schleswig-Holstein
Pommern
Deutschland
Prinzregent Luitpold
[R.Ad. Funke]
Kaiserin
Kaiser
Konig Albert
Konig [R.Ad. Schaumann]
Grosser Kurfurst


Mobilised Reserve Squadrons
IV Squadron V Squadron VI Squadron
Wittelsbach [V.Ad. Schmidt]
Wettin
Mecklenburg
Schwaben
Braunschweig [R.Ad.Alberts]
Elsass
Zahringen
K. Wilhelm II [V.Ad. Grapow]
K. Wilhelm der Grosse
K. Barbarossa
K. Friedrich III [Cmdre. Begas]
K. Karl der Grosse
Worth
Brandenburg
Hildebrand [R.Ad. Eckermann]
Heimdall
Hagan
Frithjof
Aegir [R.Ad. Behring]
Odin
Beowulf
Siegfried


Commander Scouts -Vice Admiral F Hipper
2nd Commander - R.Ad. Reubers-Passchwitz
3rd Commander - R.Ad. Tapken
1st Scouting Group 2nd Scouting Group 3rd Scouting Group 4th Scouting Group 5th Scouting Group
Seydlitz [V.Ad. Hipper]
Moltke
Blucher
Von der Tann [R.Ad. Tapken]
Derrflinger
Coln  [R.Ad. Maas]
Mainz
Stralsund
Kolberg
Rostock [Capt. Hartog]
Strassburg
Graudenz
Munchen
Danzig
Stuttgart
Frauenlob
Hela
Roon [R.Ad. v. Reubers-Paschwitz]
Yorck
Prinz Adalbert
Prins Heinrich
Hansa [R.Ad. Jasper]
Vineta
Victoria Louise
Hertha
 

Torpedo Boat Flotillas

Ldr - Leader, TBF - as Torpedo Boat Flotilla, HF - as Half-Flotilla

* Boats were ordered in batches of six or twelve, but each of the flotillas are listed with only 11 boats. The "missing" 12th boat has been indicated.

Commander - R.Ad. Maas
1st TBF 2nd TBF 3rd TBF 4th TBF
V.187 [Ldr]

1st HF-
V.188
V.189
V.190
V .191
G.197

2nd HF-
G.192
G.193
G.194
G.195
G.196
* not listed -V.186
S.149 [Ldr]

3rd HF-
S.138
S.139
S.140
S.141
S.142

4th HF-
S.144
S.145
S.146
S.147
S.148
*not listed-S.143
S.167 [Ldr]

5th HF-
V.162
V.163
V.164
S.165
S.166

6th HF-
S.168
G.169
G.170
G.172
G.173
[G.171 lost 4.9.12]
G.113 [Ldr]

7th HF-
S.115
S.116
S.117
S.118
S.119

8th HF-
G.108
G.109
G.110
G.111
G.112
* not listed -S.120
5th TBF 6th TBF 7th TBF 8th TBF
G.12 [Ldr]

9th HF-
V.2
V.3
V.4
V.5
V.6

10th HF-
G.7
G.8
G.9
G.10
G.11

* not listed -V.1
V.161 [Ldr]

11th HF-
V.151
V.152
V.153
V.154
V.155

12th HF-
V.156
V.157
V.158
V.159
V.160

* not listed -V.150
S.24 [Ldr]

13th HF-
S.14
S.15
S.16
S.17
S.18

14th HF-
S.19
S.20
S.21
S.22
S.23

* not listed -S.13
G.174[Ldr]

15th HF-
S.121
S.126
S.128
S.130
S.131

16th HF-
G.120
G.134
S.176
S.177
S.179
Formed August 1914


U-boat Flotillas

 Hamburg, cruiser [Captain Wilhelm Bauer]
1st Half-Flotilla 2nd Half-Flotilla 3rd Half-Flotilla 4th Half-Flotilla
D.5 [torpedo boat]

U.5
U.6
U.7
U.8
U.9
U.10
S.99 [torpedo boat]

U.11
U.12
U.13
U.14
U.15
U.16
U.17
U.18
S.100 [torpedo boat]

U.19
U.20
U.21
U.22
U.23
U.24
S.101 [torpedo boat]

U.23
U.24
U.25
U.26
U.27
U.28
U.29 (working up)

Mine Warfare

Minelayers 1st M/S Division 2nd M/S Division 3rd M/S Division
Nautilus
Albatross
Pelikan

Assistant Minelayers-
Konigin Louise
Kaiser
Preussen
Silvana
Apollo
D.3, torpedo boat

T.24
T.38
T.42
T.43
T.44
T.45
T.74
T.75
T.76
T.77
T.78
T.79
T.80
T.81
D.6, torpedo boat

T.28
T.30
T.39
T.46
T.47
T.49
T.50
T.51
T.52
T.53
T.54
T.55
T.56
T.57
D.8, torpedo boat

T.25
T.29
T.31
T.33
T.34
T.35
T.36
T.37
T.40
T.71
T.72
T.73


Baltic Forces

Cruisers Torpedo Boats U-Boats Minelayers
Augsburg [F]
Amazon
Magdeburg
Lubeck
Undine
Thetis
Gazelle
Freya [TS]
Panther
S.102
S.91
S.93
S.94
S.127
V.186
V.25
V.26
Sleipner [T97]
Carmen
D.10 [torpedo boat]

U.3
U.4
Una
Prinz Waldemar
Prinz Sigismund
Prinz Adalbert
Deutschland

Unidentified minesweepers at Danzig & Swinemunde


Harbour Defence Forces

Ems Jade Elbe Heligoland Kiel
Arcona
D.9
T.85
T.87
Ariadne
Berlin
Niobe
Zeiten
Blitz
Hay
Drache
Alice Roosevelt
S.103
S.107
S.61
S.62
S.66
S.68
Nymphe
Medusa
Pfeil
Fuchs
S.92
S.114
S.67
S.69
S.59
S.64
D.7
S.82
S.83
S.84
S.86
Helga
Dolphin
S.58
S.60
S.63
S.65





Special Service

Auxiliary Cruisers FOREIGN
East Asiatic Squadron [V.Ad. Graf von Spee] Mediteranean Division
[R.Ad. W. Souchon]
Atlantic, Indian & Pacific Oceans
Victoria Louise [laid up]
Berlin [disposal High Seas Fleet]
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse
Scharnhorst
Gneisenau
Emden
Leipzig
Nurnberg
Iltis
Jaguar
Tiger
Luchs
Vaterland
Otter
Cormoran
Titania [tender]
S.90
Goeben
Breslau
Loreley
East Coast of Americas
Karlsruhe
Dresden

East Africa
Konigsberg
Mowe

West Africa
Eber

South Sea
Geier
Planet






4. HIGH SEAS FLEET BATTLE SQUADRONS 1914-1918


SMS Westfalen, I Battle Squadron (Maritime Quest)



HIGH SEAS FLEET

Commander-in-Chief
Admiral Friedrich von Ingenohl
2.2.15-Admiral Hugo von Pohl
9.1.16-Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer  [5.6.16-Admiral]
7.8.18-Vice Admiral Ritter von Hipper -30.11.18 [11.8.18-Admiral]

Chief of Staff
8.1914-Captain von Mann Edler von Tiechler
01.09.1914-Vice Admiral Richard Eckermann
04.02.1915-Captain William Michaelis
28.01.1916-Rear Admiral Adolf von Trotha

Flagship
Friedrich der Grosse
3.17-Baden

I BATTLE SQUADRON
High Seas Fleet 8.14-11.18

Commander
Vice Admiral Wilhelm von Lans
16.2.15-Vice Admiral Richard Eckerman
20.6.15-Vice Admiral Friedrich Gadeke [temp]
27.8.15-Vice Admiral Ehrhardt Schmidt
22.1.18-Vice Admiral Friedrich Boedicker -27.11.18

Second in command
Rear Admiral Friedrich Gadeke
28.8.15-Rear Admiral Richard Engel
1.3.16- Rear Admiral Walter Engelhardt
28.5.17-Rear Admiral Freiherr von Dalwigk zu Lichtenfels
5.12.17-Rear Admiral Johannes Hartog

Ships:

Ostfrieland  [F]
Helgoland
Oldenburg
Thuringen
Posen [F]
Nassau
Rheinland 11.14.18, damaged, not repaired
Westfalen


II BATTLE SQUADRON
High Seas Fleet 8.14-12.16 inactive until disbandment 15.8.17

Commander
Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer
27.12.14-Rear Admiral Felix Funke
12.8.15- Rear Admiral Franz Mauve [V.Ad 25.11.16]
1.12.16- Vice Admiral Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz

Second in Command
Rear Admiral Franz Mauve
20.8.15-Rear Admiral Freiherr von Dalwigk zu Lichtenfels -30.11.16

Ships:

Preussen [F] .16-guard ship, Danish Sound-.17
Hessen .16-tender, Brunsbuttel
Lothringen .16-guard ship, Danish Sound-  .17
Schlesien .17-drill ship, Kiel
Hannover [2F] .17-guard ship, Danish Sound
Deutschland .17-accomodation, Wilhelmshaven
Pommern -lost at Jutland 1.6.16
Schleswig-Holstein .17-tender, Bremen


III BATTLE SQUADRON
High Seas Fleet 8.14-11.18

Commander

Rear Admiral Felix Funke
27.12.14-Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer
12.1.16- Vice Admiral Paul Behnecke
12.8.18- Vice Admiral Hugo Kraft -4.11.18

Second in Command
Rear Admiral Carl Schaumann
12.8.15-Rear Admiral Hermann Nordmann
22.12.16-Rear Admiral Karl Seiferling
15.11.17-Rear Admiral Ernest Goette
19.8.18- Rear Admiral Constanz  Feldt

Ships:

Prinzregent Luitpold [F] 12.16-to 4 Sqn
Kaiser 12.16-to 4 Sqn
Kaiserin 12.16-to 4 Sqn
Konig Albert 12.16-to 4 Sqn
Konig [2F] 10.14-
Grosser Kurfurst 10.14-
Markgraf 10.14-
Kronprinz 7.15- 29.1.18-Kronprinz Wilhelm
7.16-Bayern


IV BATTLE SQUADRON [ii]
High Seas Fleet  1.12.16-11.18

Commander
1.12.16-Vice Admiral Franz Mauve
4.9.17- Vice Admiral Wilhelm Souchon
13.8.18-Vice Admiral Hugo Meurer

Second in Command
1.12.16- Rear Admiral Freiherr von Dalwigk zu Lichtenfels
28.5.17- Vice Admiral Hugo Meurer
19.8.18- Rear Admiral Ernst Goette
 
Ships
Kaiser
Kaiserin
Konig Albert
Prinzregent Luitpold
3.17-Friedrich der Grosse


BATTLE SQUADRONS FORMED ON OUTBREAK OF HOSTILITIES
 

IV BATTLE SQUADRON [i]
Baltic  5.8.14-11.15

Commander
Vice Admiral Eberhard Schmidt
26.8.15-Vice Admiral Freidrich Schultz -11.11.15

Second in command
Rear Admiral Hermann Albers
28.8.15-Kommodore Walter Engelhardt

Ships:

Wittelsbach  .16-drill ship, Kiel
Wettin 11.15-gunnery TS
Mecklenburg 1.16-prison, Kiel
Schwaben .16-drill ship, W'haven
Braunschweig  .16-drill ship, Kiel
Elsass .16-drill ship, Kiel
Zahringen .16-drill ship, Kiel


V BATTLE SQUADRON
Baltic 5.8.14- 10.14-North Sea -11.15

Commander
Vice Admiral Max von Grapow
24.1.15-Rear Admiral Alfred Begas  -15.1.16

Second in Command
Kaptain Alfred Begas- 23.1.15

Ships:

Kaiser Wilhelm II .15-HQ ship, W'haven
Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse .16-depot, Kiel
Kaiser Barbarossa .16-prison, Kiel
Kaiser Friedrich III .16-prison, Kiel
Kaiser Karl der Grosse .16-depot, Kiel
Brandenburg  .15-North Sea Coast Defences
Worth .15-North Sea Coast Defences
both to accommodation ships at Danzig and Libau respectively 1916

  
VI BATTLE SQUADRON
Coast Defence Ships

Commander
Rear Admiral Richard Eckermann
3.9.14-Rear Admiral Herwarth Schmidt von Schwind -31.8.15

Second in Command
Rear Admiral [ret] Ehler Behring -20.8.14

Ships [all paid and disarmed as hulks]:

Hildebrand  -1.16
Heimdal -7.15
Hagan -8.15
Frithjof -12.15
Aegir  -12.15
Beowulf -8.15
Odin -3.17
Siegfried -12.15






5. SCOUTING FORCES AND CRUISERS 1914-1918



Admiral von Hipper, Scouting Commander
(Library of Congress)


1st SCOUTING GROUP
High Seas Fleet

1st Commander of Scouting Forces & Commander 1st Scouting Group
Vice Admiral Franz Ritter von Hipper
11.8.18-Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter

2nd Commander, 1st Scouting Group
Rear Admiral Arthur Tapken
26.12.14-vacant
15.10.16- Rear Admiral Friedrich Boedicker
21.1.18- Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter
15.8.18- Kapitan Carl Feldmann

Ships:

Seydlitz  [F]
Derrfinger
Moltke
Von der Tann
8.14-Blucher  -lost 24.1.15 Dogger Bank
8.15-Lutzow -lost at Jutland 1.6.16
5.17-Hindenburg


2nd SCOUTING GROUP
High Seas Fleet

Rear Admiral Leberecht Maass -KIA 28.8.14
26.12.14-Rear Admiral Georg Hebbinghaus
28.8.15- Rear Admiral Friedrich Boedicker
11.9.16- Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter
21.1.18- Kommodore Magnus von Levetzow
6.8.18- Kommodore Victor Harder

Ships:

Koln [F] - lost at Heligoland 28.8.14
Kolberg 6.15 to Baltic
Mainz - lost at Heligoland 28.8.14
Rostock - lost at Jutland 31.5.16
Stralsund 3.16 to 4SG
Strassburg 3.16 to 4SG
9.14-Graudenz
4.15-Regensburg 7.17to 4SG
8.15-Frankfurt 8.18 to 4SG
8.15-Wiesbaden  - lost at Jutland 31.5.16
9.15-Elbing - lost at Jutland 1.6.16
12.15-Pillau
8.16-Konisgberg
11.16-Karlsruhe
11.16-Nurnberg
12.16-Emden
1.18-Koln
3.18-Dresden


3rd SCOUTING GROUP

-ex 4th Scouting Group 25.8.14-17.4.15
North Sea 3.15-Baltic

Rear Admiral Hubert von Rebeur-Paschwitz [and 2nd Commander of Scouting Forces]

Ships:

Roon [F] .16-guard ship, Kiel
Yorck - lost 4.11.14
Prinz Adalbert - lost 23.10.15
Friedrich Carl - lost 17.11.14
Prinz Heinrich 3.16-HQ ship, Kiel

 
4th SCOUTING GROUP
-ex 3rd Scouting Group 25.8.14
High Seas Fleet

Rear Admiral-vacant
1.1.15- Kommodore Karl von Restorff
26.1.15-Kommodore Georg Scheidt
3.9.15- Kommodore Ludwig von Reuter
11.10.16-Rear Admiral Karl Seiferling
11.12.16-Rear Admiral Max Hahn
2.12.17- Rear Admiral Johannes von Karpf

Ships:

Danzig  -12.16
Frauenlob -lost at Jutland 31.5.16
Munchen -12.16
Stuttgart -5.16 for refit as seaplane
  Carrier
8.14-Stettin -7.17
3.16-Stralsund
4.16-Brummer
7.16-Bremse
7.17-Regensburg
4.18-Strassburg
8.18-Frankfurt


5th SCOUTING GROUP
5th Scouting Group-16.11.14
21.9.14-Baltic

Rear Admiral Gisberth Jasper

Ships
Hansa
Hertha
Victoria Louise
Vineta

6th SCOUTING GROUP
or East Baltic Scouting Group

Ships
Augsburg [F]
Magdeburg - lost 26.8.14
5.15-Bremen - lost 17.12.15
6.15-Kolberg
  .16-Strassburg  -4.18


NORTH SEA FORCES 1914 BALTIC FORCES 1914
Ariadne  -lost Heligoland 22.8.14
Berlin 2.17-reserve, Danzig
Medusa 1916-tender, W'haven
Niobe 1917-accomm.W'haven
Nymphe 1916-drill ship, Kiel
Amazone  1916-submarine target ship
Gazelle 1916-miner hulk
Lubeck 1917-submarine target ship
Thetis 1917-gunnery TS
Undine -lost 7.11.5





OVERSEAS CRUISER FORCES


SMS Scharnhorst, armoured cruiser (Alexander Monreal)


East Asiatic Squadron

Scharnhorst [Vice Admiral Graf von Spee] - sunk at Falklands 8.12.14
Gneisenau      - sunk at Falklands 8.12.14
Emden  detached to Indian Ocean - lost 9.11.14
Leipzig       - lost at Falklands 8.12.14
Nurnberg - lost at Falklands 8.12.14

Western Atlantic

Karlsuhe     -lost 4.11.14
Dresden joined East Asiatic Sqn - escaped Falklands battle - lost 14.3.15

East Africa

Konigsberg trapped in Rifuji River, German East Africa - scuttled 11.7.15

Mediterranean Division

Goeben [Rear Admiral Souchon]  - to Turkish Navy 9.14
Breslau       - to Turkish Navy 9.14- lost 20.1.18 







6. TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLAS




SMS B.97, torpedo boat, 4HF, 2TBF 
SMS S.113, late completion, to France
(both Photo Ships)
The German Navy described their destroyers as 'high seas torpedo boats' and their destroyer flotillas as 'torpedo boat flotillas.' Considered as boats, the 'high seas torpedo boats' were not given names. Instead they were identified by a letter, followed by a number. The letter identified the ship yard responsible for the construction of the boat.

There were two sequences of numbers. Up to the fiscal year 1910, boats were numbered in the sequence S.90-S.131. From 1911 boats were numbered in a new series which began with V.1 and reached H.202. The boats of the first series were assigned a new identification number between 1914 and 1918 - the letter T was allocated as these boats were reduced to minor roles. Many of the higher numbered boats in the second series were not completed before the end of the war.

The shipyards identified by the letter were:

B - Blohm & Voss, Hamburg
G - Germania Werft, Kiel
H - Howaldtswerke, Kiel
S - Schichau, Elbing
V - A G Vulcan, Stettin
 
Each flotilla was composed of vessels whose construction was authorised in the same financial year. Until 1906. a half-flotilla was authorised each year. From 1907 a full flotilla was authorised. Flotillas consisted of 12 boats, d
ivided into two half-flotillas which were numbered in sequence throughout the torpedo boat force.

One problem is that the wartime listing show each flotilla to be composed of 1 leader and 2 divisions of 5 boats each, to give a total of 11?. Were there insufficient  light cruisers to act as flotilla leader [a role for which the Royal Navy developed small cruisers].     

Construction

 Fiscal year, Boats  & Flotillas 1914

1898/99 S.90-S.95
1899/1900 S.96-S.101
1900/01 S.102-S.107
1901/02 G.108-G.113 4TBF
1902/03 S.114-S.119 4TBF
1903/04 S.120-S.125 8TBF
1904/05 S.126-S.131 8TBF
1905/06 G.132-G.137 not listed in 1914 order of battle [reason unknown]
1906/07 S.138-S.149 2TBF
1907/08 V.150-V.161 6TBF
1908/09 V.162-G.173 3TBF
1909/10 G.174-V.185 16HF & unknown
1910/11 V.186-G.197 1TBF
1911/12 V.1-V.12 5TBF
1912/13 S.13-S.24 7TBF
1913/14 V.25-S.36 9TBF

Wartime additions:

1914 mob. G.37-V.48  to 1TBF & 6TBF 1915
1st wartime S.49-S.66
2rd wartime V.67-V.84
3rd wartime G.85-G.96
ex Russian B.97-V.100, B.109-B.112
ex Argentine G.101-G.104
ex Dutch V.105-V.108
1916 plan S.113, V.116, V.125-S.139, H.145-H.147 [completions only]


Commanders

1st Commander of Torpedo Boats
Rear Admiral Leberecht Maass -28.8.14 KIA
6.9.14-Kommodore Johannes Hartog
14.4.16-Kommodore Andreas Michelsen
5.6.17- Kommodore Paul Heinrich

2nd Commander of Torpedo Boats
Kommodore Johannes Hartog
29.8.14-Kommodore Karl von Restorff
12.11.15-Kommodore Max Kothner
4.4.16-Kommodore Paul Heinrich
5.6.17-Kommodore Hans Eberius
29.11.17-Kommodore Rudolf Madlung
23.7.18-Captain Hans Queat-Faslem
 

Fotillas

1st TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
[1910-11 flotilla- was reserve flotilla at Kiel in summer 1914]
High Seas Fleet [det.Baltic autumn 1916?]

1914-1915 1915-1918 1918
V.187 [Ldr] -lost 28.8.14
9.14-V.191 [Ldr]

1st Half-Flotilla
V.188 -lost 26.7.15
V.189
V.190
V.191 -to Ldr 9.14
G.197

2nd Half-Flotilla
G.192
G.193
G.194
G.195
G.196
V.191 [Ldr] -lost 17.12.15
  .15-G.39
  .16-S.32

1st Half-Flotilla
G.38
G.39
G.40
G.41 - .16 G.86
G.197

2nd Half-Flotilla-6.18
G.192
G.193
G.194
G.195
G.196
V.129 [Ldr]

1st Half-Flotilla
S.32
G.38
G.39
G.40
G.86

2nd Half-Flotilla 6.18-
V.130
S.133
S.134
S.135
S.139


2nd TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
[1905-1907 half flotillas-was active flotilla at Kiel in summer 1914]]
High Seas Fleet [det. Baltic 10.17]

1914-6.1915 6.1915-11.1918
S.149 [Ldr]

3rd Half-Flotilla
S.138
S.139
S.140
S.141
S.142

4th Half-Flotilla
S.144
S.145
S.,146
S.147
S.148
B.98  [Ldr] .18-B.97

3rd Half-Flotilla
V.99 -lost 17.8.15
V.100
G.101
G.102
G.103
G.104

4th Half-Flotilla
B.97 .18-B.98
B.109
B.110
B.111
B112


3rd TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
[1908-09 flotilla - school flotilla at Kiel in summer 1914]
High Seas Fleet [temp. Baltic 1915] Flanders 10-11.16 & 3.17-9.18

1914-1916 1916-1918
S.167 [Ldr]

5th Half-Flotilla
V.162
V.163
V.164
V.165
V.166

6th Half-Flotilla
S.168
G.169
G.170
G.172
G.173
S.53 [Ldr]

5th Half-Flotilla
G.42 - lost 21.4.17 replaced V.77
V.71
V.73
V.81
G.85 -lost 21.4.17

6th Half-Flotilla
V.48 -lost Jutland 31.5.16
S.54
S.55
V.70
G.91

 
4th TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
[1901-1903 flotilla -was reserve flotilla at Wilhelmshaven in summer 1914]
High Seas Fleet .14-Baltic/Danish Sound

1914-1915 1915-1918
G.113 [Ldr]

7th Half-Flotilla
S.115 -lost 17.10.14
S.116 -lost 6.10.14
S.117 -lost 17.10.14
S.118 -lost 17.10.14
S.119 -lost 17.10.14

8th Half-Flotilla
G.108
G.109
G.110
G.111
G.112
T.164 [Ldr]

7th Half-Flotilla [boats renumbered 9.17]
G.138/T.138 -lost 22.9.18
G.139/T.139
G.140/T.140
G.141/T.141
G.142/T.142
G.145/T.145

8th Half-Flotilla [boats renumbered 9.17]*
V.151/T.151
V.154/T.154
V.155/T.155
V.157/T.157
V.158/T.158
V.160/T.160
One source suggests this was entitled 19th Half-Flotilla in 1918; another that this flotilla had consolidated as 7th Half-Flotilla


5th TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
[1910-11 flotilla-was active flotilla at Wilhelmshaven in summer 1914]]
High Seas Fleet

G.12 [Ldr]  -lost 8.9.15 replaced by G.11
9th Half-Flotilla
V.1 .14-
V.2
V.4 by .18-S.23
V.5 by .15-V.3
V.6
10th Half-Flotilla
G.7
G.8
G.9 -lost 3.5.18
G.10
G.11 by .15-V.5


6th TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
[1907-1908 flotilla-was school flotilla at Wilhelmshaven in summer 1914]
High Seas Fleet

1914-1915 1915-1917 1918
V.161 [Ldr]

11th Half-Flotilla
V.151
V.152
V.153
V.154
V.155

12th Half-Flotilla
V.156
V.157
V.158
V.159
V.160

V.69 [Ldr] .16-G.41

11th Half-Flotilla
V.43
V.44
S.49
G.86
G.87

12th Half-Flotilla
G.37 -lost 4.11.17
V.43
V.45
V.46
V.50
V.128 [Ldr]

11th Half-Flotilla
V.125
V.126
V.127
S.131
S.132

12th Half-Flotilla
V.43
V.44
V.45
V46
S.49
S.50


7th TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
[1912-1913 flotilla-formed at Wilhelmshaven early in 1914]
High Seas Fleet

1914-1917 1917-1918
S.24 [Ldr]

13th Half-Flotilla
S.14 -lost 19.2.15
S.15
S.16
S.17 -lost 16.5.17
S.18

14th Half-Flotilla
S.19
S.20 by 1916-G.172
S.21 -lost 21.4.15 repl. by V.186
S.22 -lost 23.6.16 repl. by V.189
S.23
S.62 [Ldr] -lost 7.10.18

13th Half-Flotilla
S.56
S.65
S.66 -lost 7.10.18 repl. by S.138
V.78
V.83

14th Half-Flotilla
G.87 -lost 30.3.18 repl. by S.136
G.89
G.92
G.93 -lost 30.3.18 repl. by S.137
G.94 -lost 30.3.18 repl. by H.145


8th TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
[1903 & 1904 half-flotillas]
formed on mobilisation -North Sea .15-Eastern Baltic

1914-1915 1915-1918 2.18-
G.174 [Ldr]

15th Half-Flotilla
S.121
S.126
S.128
S.130
S.131

16th Half-Flotilla
S.120
G.134
G.176
G.177
G.179
V.180 [Ldr]

15th Half-Flotilla
S.130
S.131
V.181
V.182
V.183

16th Half-Flotilla
G.175
S.176
s.177
S.179
S.186
T.180 [Ldr]

15th Half-Flotilla
T.189
T.190
T.192
T.193
T.195

16th Half-Flotilla
T.174
T.176
T.178
T.179
T.186


9th TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
[formed by 12.14]
High Seas Fleet

1914-1916 1916-1918
V.28 [Ldr]

17th Half-Flotilla
V.25 -lost 13.2.15 repl. by S.51
V.26
V.27 -lost at Jutland 31.5.16
V.29 -lost at Jutland 31.5.16
V.30

18th Half-Flotilla
S.31 -lost 19.8.15 repl. by S.52,
S.32
S.33
S.34
S.35 -lost at Jutland 31.5.16
V.79 [Ldr]

17th Half-Flotilla
  S.36
S.51
S.52
S.60
S.80

18th Half-Flotilla
V.26
V.28
V.30 lost 20.11.18
V.33 lost 3.10.18
V.34 lost 3.10.18



10th TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
[formed 12.15]
Formed in Baltic 12.15-not listed after 10.17

1916 1917
S.56 [Ldr]

19th Half-Flotilla
S.58 -lost 11.11.16
S.59 -lost 11.11.16
V.76 -lost 11.11.16
V.78
G.90 -lost 11.11.16

20th Half-Flotilla
S.57 -lost 11.11.16
V.72 -lost 11.11.16
V.75 -lost 11.11.16
V.77
G.89
S.56 [Ldr]

19th Half-Flotilla
T.165
T.169
T.170
T.172
G.175

20th Half-Flotilla
S.65
S.66
V.77
V.78
G.81


11th TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
Formed by re-designation of Baltic Training Flotilla .15-disbanded 3.16 -reformed 1917

1915-1916 1917
Possibly-
V.25
V.26
S.91
S.93
S.97
S.102
S.127
V.186
T.173 [Ldr]

1st Half-Flotilla
T.107
T.108
T.134
T.166

2nd Half-Flotilla
T.126
T.128
T.163
T.167


FLANDERS TORPEDO-BOAT FLOTILLA
Formed 2.16 as 'Z' Flotilla-titled Flanders Flotilla 1.17

1st Flanders Half-Flotilla 2.16- 2nd Flanders Half-Flotilla 2.17-
V.47  [Ldr] - lost 3.11.18
V.67 -lost 2.11.18
V.68 -lost 8.8.18
G.95
G.96 -lost 26.6.17
1.18-S.61 -lost 2.11.18
1.18-S.63 -lost 10.7.18
S.15  -lost 28.1.17
S.18 4.17 to 1GF
S.20 -lost 5.6.17
S.24 4.17 to 1GF
1.18-V.74 -lost 3.11.18
1.18-V.77 .18 to 3TBF
1.18-V.82 .18-to HSF
This flotilla had a large number of 'A' class torpedo boats under command. They included:
1st Half-Flotilla: A.4, A.9, A.10, A.15, A.16
2nd Half-Flotilla: A.2, A.5, A.8, A.14, A15
with further additions in 1918 - A.29, A.30, A.31, A.32, A.33, A.37, A.38, A.39, A.40, A.58, A,59, A.61.



Throughout the war, many older boats, and those relegated from front-line service were used on patrol duties, and on support services. No adequate listing of their allocation has been found. The principal patrol flotillas were:

North Sea:
Heligoland Harbour Flotilla
Elbe Harbour Flotilla
Jade-Weser Harbour Flotilla
Ems Harbour Flotilla

by 1917 these had been consolidated into the North Sea Outpost Flotilla.

In 1918 a further re-organisation resulted in the creation of:

1st Escort Flotilla, Wilhelmshaven
1st HF - T.93, T.109, T.111, T.127, T.165, T.170; T.181, T.182, T.183
2nd HF - T.112, T.113, T.122, T.131, T.135, T.147, T.148, T.185, T.196, T.197, S.18, S.19, S.24
3rd HF - T.136, T.169
4th HF - no tbd's
 
2nd Escort Flotilla, Emden
5th HF-T.99,
6th HF-T.97
7th HF-T.125
8th HF-T.114
9th HF-T.102
10th HF-T92, T.103, T.128

Many 'A' class coastal torpedo boats were allocated to these half-flotillas.

In the Baltic:

Kiel Harbour Flotilla
Kiel Outpost Flotilla
1st Half-Flotilla, Warnemunde
2nd Half-Flotilla, Windau






7. U-BOAT FLOTILLAS
(UBF - U-boat Flotilla, UBHF - U-boat Half Flotilla)


Three main types of U-boats were employed during the War, all with their own numbering sequence:

The original type of U-boat retained the prefix 'U'. The various classes ranged from 238/283 up to 1,930/2483 tons through the course of the war.

Small coastal boats which came into service had the prefix 'UB'.

Minelayer types which followed had the prefix 'UC'. 



SMS U.25, 4UBHF, 1914
SMS U.53, 2UBF, 1916-18



SMS UB.74, 5UBF, 1918
SMS UC.30,  1UBHF, 1916 -
(all Photo Ships)

Commander U-Boats, High Seas Fleet
Captain Wilhelm Bauer
6.17-Kommodore Andreas Michelsen


U-Boats by type and entry into service
[many others not completed by time of the Armistice]

Year U types UB types UC types Totals
pre-war
8-12.14
1915
1916
1917
1-11.18
28
9
14
32
30
23
0
0
22
25
42
46
0
0
15
50
13
16
28
9
51
107
85
85
Totals- 137 135 94 366


     Strength of the U-Boat Arm
In service August 1914 - 28 boats

Month  Completions  Losses Total at end of month
prewar
8.14
9.14
10.14
11.14
12.14
1.15
2.15
3.15
4.15
5.15
6.15
7.15
8.15
9.15
10.15
11.15
12.15
1.16
2.16
3.16
4.16
5.16
6.16
7.16
8.16
9.16
10.16
11.16
12.16
1.17
2.17
3.17
4.17
5.17
6.17
7.17
8.17
9.17
10.17
11.17
12.17
1.18
2.18
3.18
4.18
5.18
6.18
7.18
8.18
9.18
10.18
11.18
28
2
3
1
2
2
2
4
7
5
6
7
6
2
2
2
1
6
3
7
10
7
9
9
7
11
9
10
13
12
6
3
4
5
5
8
9
13
7
12
3
6
3
6
8
10
9
10
10
6
6
11
3
0
2
0
0
1
2
3
1
4
0
1
1
3
3
2
1
2
0
0
0
1
3
2
2
2
2
1
0
4
3
2
6
4
2
7
3
5
5
11
4
8
8
9
3
5
7
15
3
6
7
9
9
12
28
28
31
32
33
33
32
35
38
43
48
54
57
56
56
58
57
63
65
72
81
85
92
99
104
113
121
131
140
149
153
150
150
153
151
156
160
168
164
172
167
165
159
162
165
168
162
169
173
172
169
171
162
A further 18 boats completed after 11.11.18 to make total of 180 boats after the Armistice.


U-BOAT FLOTILLAS
Described as Half-Flotillas (UBHF) until 9.16

Note: The following lists include only those boats assigned to operational flotillas. A significant number of boats were either relegated or assigned to training duties. Others completed in late 1918 did not complete training in time for assignment to the remaining operational flotillas.
 
For ease of identification, boats are listed according to the three main types. The boats assigned to each flotilla are listed at the beginning of each time period, and are followed by the changes which took place during each period. The periods are - August-December 1914; 1915; 1916; 1917; and January-November 1918.

* a war loss (following)
 
1st U-BOAT FLOTILLA
High Seas Fleet 8.14-11.18
Wilhelmshaven 31.3.17-Brunsbuttel

Year U-boats  UB boats UC boats
1914 - 1UBHF U.5  -12.14 *
U.6
U.7
U.8
U.9
U.10
nil nil
1915 - 1UBHF U.6  -15.9.15*
U.7 -1.15*
U.8 -14.3.15*
U.9 to Baltic 7.15
U.10 to Baltic 7.15
U.14 3.15-5.6.15*
U.16 3.15-to tg duties 10.15
U.17 3.15-10.15 to Baltic
nil nil
1916 - 1UBHF-9.16 U.74  2.16-16.5.16*
U.71 3.16-
U.72 3.16-9.16 to Med
U.75 5.16-
U.77 5.16-8.16 to 2SMF
U.76 6.16-
U.78 6.16-
U.79 7.16-
U.80 8.16-
UB.21  3.16-8.16 to 2SMF
UB.22 3.16-8.16 to 2SMF
UB.27 3.16-8.16 to 2SMF
UC.29  10.16-
UC.24 11.16-
UC.30 11.16-
UC.32 11.16-
UC.31 12.16-
UC.33 12.16-
UC.40 12.16-
UC.41 12.16-
1917 - 1UBF U.71
U.75 -13.12.17*
U.76 -21.1.17*
U.78
U.79
U.80
nil UC.24  -2.17 to Med
UC.29 -7.6.17*
UC.30 -11.4.17*
UC.31
UC.32 -23.2.17*
UC.33 9.17 to ?
UC.40
UC.41 -21.8.17*
UC.42 1.17-9.17 to
UC.43 1.17-10.3.17*
UC.44 1.17-4.8.17*
UC.45 21.7-9.17*
UC.50 2.17-7.17 to Flanders
UC.55 2.17-29.9.17*
UC.76 2.17-5.17*
UC.49 3.17-
UC.58 12.17-
UC.59 12.17-
1918 - 1UBF U.71
U.78 -28.10.18*
U.79
U.80
U.117 6.18-
U.118 8.18-
U.119 9.18-
UB.21  5.18-
UB.34 5.18-8.18 to Flanders
UB.73 5.18-
UB.77 5.18-
UC.31  6.18 to Flanders
UC.40 9.18 to Flanders
UC.49 5.18 to Flanders
UC.58
UC.59
UC.71 10.18-


2nd U-BOAT FLOTILLA
High Seas Fleet 8.14-11.18
Heligoland

Year
U-boats 
UB boats
UC boats
1914 - 2UBHF U.11  -12.14*
U.12
U.14
U.15 -9.8.14*
U.16
U.17
U.18 -24.11.14*
nil nil
1915 - 2UBHF U.12  -10.3.15*
U.14 -5.6.15*
U.16 3.15 to 1SMF
U.17 3.15 to 1SMF
U.34 1.15-8.15 to Med
U.35 1.15-8.15 to Med
U.37 3.15-6.15*
U.38 4.15-11.15 to Med
U.39 4.15-9.15 to Med
U.40 4.15-23.6.15*
U.41 4.15-24.9.15*
nil nil
1916 - 2UBHF-9.16 U.51  5.16-14.7.16*
U.52 5.16-11.16 to Med
U.53 5.16-
U.56 8.16-2.11.16*
U.57 9.16-
U.58 10.16-
U.59 11.16-
UB.22  7.16-
UB.35 7.16-
UB.21 8.16-
UB.27 8.16-
UB.34 8.16-
UB.41 10.16-
nil
1917 - 2UBF U.53
U.57
U.58 -17.11.17*
U.59 -14.5.17*
U.60 1.17-
U.61 3.17-
U.62 3.17-
U.52 4.17-
U.99 5.17-20.7.17*
U.100 5.17-
U.101 7.17-
U.102 8.17-
U.103 8.17-
U.104 10.17-
UB.21  -5.17 to 5SMF
UB.22 -5.17 to 5SMF
UB.27 -7.17 to Flanders
UB.34 -5.17 to 5SMF
UB.35 -4.17 to Kurland
UB.41 -5.17 to 5 SMF
nil
1918 - 2UBF U.52
U.53
U.57
U.60
U.61 -23.3.18*
U.62
U.100
U.101
U.102 -30.9.18*
U.103 -25.5.18*
U.104 -25.4.18*
UB.62  5.18-
UB.64 5.18-
UB.65 5.18-10.7.18*
UB.89 5.18-10.18 dbr
UB.90 5.18-10.18*
UB.91 7.18-
UB.92 7.18-
UB.93 8.18-
UB.94 9.18-
UB.95 10.18-
UB.96 10.18-
UB.97 10.18-
nil


3rd U-BOAT FLOTILLA
High Seas Fleet 2.15-11.18
Emden

Year
U-boats 
UB boats
UC boats
1914 - 3UBHF U.19
U.20
U.21
U.22
U.23
U.24
nil nil
1915 - 3UBHF U.19
U.20
U.21 5.15 to Med
U.22
U.23 -20.7.15*
U.24
U.44 8.15-
U.43 9.15-
U.45 12.15-
nil nil
1916 - 3UBHF-9.16 U.19  8.16 to 5SMF
U.20 -4.11.16*
U.22
U.24
U.43
U.44
U.45
U.46 3.16-
U.47 5.16-11.16 to Med
U.48 6.16-
U.49 8.16-
U.50 8.16-
nil nil
1917 - 3UBF U.22
U.24 12.17 to tg duties
U.43
U.44 -12.8.17*
U.45 -12.9.17*
U.46
U.48 -24.9.17*
U.49 -11.9.17*
U.50 -31.8.17*
U.21 2.17-
U.19 4.17-
U.87 5.17-25.12.17*
U.88 5.17-17.9.17*
U.89 9.17-
U.90 9.17-
U.91 12.17-
U.92 12.17-

nil
1918 - 3UBF U.19
U.21
U.22
U.43
U.46
U.89 -12.2.18*
U.90
U.91
U.92 -9.9.18*
UB.118  3.18-
UB.119 4.18-
UB.121 5.18-
UB.83 5.18-
UB.86 5.18-
UB.87 5.18-
UB.120 7.18-
UB.122 7.18-
UB.123 7.18-17.10.18*
UB.124 7.18-20.7.18*
UB.126 7.18-
UN.125 8.18-
nil


4th U-BOAT FLOTILLA
High Seas Fleet 2.15-11.18
Emden

Year
U-boats 
UB boats
UC boats
1914 - 4UBHF U.25  10.14 to 5SMF
U.26
U.27
U.28
U.29
U.30
U.31 11.14-
U.32 11.14-
No boats of this type served in this flotilla
No boats of this type served in this flotilla
1915 - 4UBHF U.26  -8.15*
U.27 -19.8.15*
U.28
U.29 -28.3.15*
U.30
U.31 -13.1.15*
U.32
U.23 7.15-20.7.15*
U.65 6.15- 11.15 to Med
U.67 10.15-
U.68 11.15-


1916 - 4UBHF-9.16 1916
U.28
U.30
U.32 10.16 to Med
U.67
U.68 -22.3.16*
U.66 1.16-
U.69 2.16-
U.70 2.16-
U.63 5.16 -10.16 to Med
U.64 5.16- 11.16 to Med
U.83 10.16-
U.81 11.16-
U.82 11.16-
U.84 12.16-


1917 - 4UBF U.28  -2.9.17*
U.30 11.17 to?
U.66 -3.9.17*
U.67
U.69 -12.7.17*
U.70
U.81 -1.5.17*
U.82
U.83 -17.2.17*
U.84
U.85 1.17-12.3.17*
U.86 2.17-
U.93 4.17-
U.94 5.17-
U.95 5.17-
U.96 5.17-
U.97 8.17-
U.98 9.17-
U.105 9.17-
U.106 9.17-7.10.17*
U.107 9.17-
U.110 11.17-


1918 - 4UBF U.67
U.70
U.82
U.84 -26.1.18*
U.86
U.93 -7.1.18*
U.94
U.95 -1.18*
U.96
U.97
U.98
U.105
U.107
U.110
U.111 3.18-
U.108 4.18-
U.113 7.18-
U.114 9.18-
U.160 9.18-
U.161 9.18-
U.162 10.18-





BALTIC U-BOAT FLOTILLA
[5th U-Boat Half-Flotilla]  2.17-Kurland Flotilla
2.15-10.17 at Danzig -later Libau

Year
U-boats 
UB boats
UC boats
1915 - 5UBHF U.25
U.26 5.15-15.8.15*
U.9 7.15-
U.10 7.15-
U.17 10.15
UB.5  10.15- UC.4  6.15-
1916 - 5UBHF-9.16 U.9  8.16 to tg unit
U.10 -30.6.16*
U.17 8.16 to tg unit
U.25 8.16 to tg unit
UB.5
UB.30 5.16-
UB.31 5.16-
UB.32 5.16-
UB. 24 6.16-8.16 to tg. unit
UB.33 6.16-
UB.36
UB.2 8.16-12.16 to tg unit
UB.19 8.16-
UB.20 8.16-
UB.27 8.16-
UC.4  2.16 to ?
UC.25 6.16-
UC.27 7.16-
UC.56 12.16-
1917 - 5UBF nil UB.5  2.17 to tg.unit
UB.19 4.17 to 3SMF
UB.20 3.17 to Flanders
UB.27 4.17 to Med
UB.30 2.17 to Flanders
UB.31 2.17 to Flanders
UB.32 2.17 to Flanders
UB.33 -10.17
UB.36 2.17 to Flanders
UB.27 4.17-7.17
UB.35 4.17-7.17
UC.25  4.17 to?
UC.27 4.17 to?
UC.56 -12.17
UC.57 1.17-11.17*
UC.78 1.17-1.18
UC.79 1.17-8.17
UC.58 3.17-12.17
UC.59 5.17-12.17
UC.60 6.17-11.17



5th U-BOAT FLOTILLA
5.17-5.18 Bremerhaven

Year
U-boats 
UB boats
UC boats
1917 - 5UBF No boats of this type UB.21  5.17-
UB.22
UB.34
UB.41 -10.17*
UB.61 -29.11.17*
UB.62
UB.63
UB.64
UB.67
UB.72
UB.73
UB.75 -12.17*
UB.77
UB.82
UB.83
No boats of this type
1918 - 5UBF
UB.22  -14.1.18*
UB.34 5.18 to 1SMF
UB.62 5.18 to 2SMF
UB.63 -29.1.18*
UB.64 5.18 to 2SMF
UB.67 4.18 to tg.unit
UB.72 -12.5.18*
UB.73 5.18 to 1SMF
UB.77 5.18 to 1SMF
UB.82 -4.18*
UB.83 5.18 to 3SMF
UB.74 1.18-1.18 to Flanders
UB.85 2.18 -30.4.18*
UB.86 2.18-5.18 to 3SMF
UB.87 3.18-5.18 to 3SMF



 
FLANDERS U-BOAT FLOTILLA
3.15-Zeebrugge and Ostend-10.18
2.17-split into Flanders Flotilla 1 and Flanders Flotilla II

Year
U-boats 
UB boats
UC boats
1915 No boats of this type UB.2  4.15-
UB.4 4.15-11.8.15*
UB.6 4.15
UB.10 4.15-
UB.12 4.15-
UB.13 5.15-
UB.16 6.15-
UB.17 6.15-
UC.2  5.15-2.7.15*
UC.3 8.15-
UC.5 8.15-
UC.6 8.15-
UC.1 9.15-
UC.7 9.15-
UC.8 9.15-
UC.9 9.15-20.10.15*
UC.11 9.15-10.15
UC.8 11.15-interned 11.15
UC.10
1916
UB.2  -3.16 to trg. duties
UB.6
UB.10
UB.12
UB.13 -24.4.16*
UB.16
UB.17
UB.18 2.16-
UB.19 3.16-30.11.16*
UB.26 3.16-5.4.16*
UB.29 3.16-6.12.16*
UB.23 5.16-
UB.39 6.16-
UB.37 7.16-
UB.38 9.16-
UB.40 10.16-
UC.1
UC.3 -30.4.16
UC.5 -27.4.16*
UC.6
UC.7
UC.8
UC.10 -21.8.16*
UC.4 2.16-
UC.11 8.16-
UC.16 9.16-
UC.26 9.16-
UC.17 10.16-
UC.18 10.16-
UC.19 10.16-4.12.16*
UC.21 11.16-
UC.46 11.16-
1917
UB.6  -13.3.17*
UB.10
UB.12
UB.16
UB.17
UB.18  -17.11.17*
UB.23 interned 7.17
UB.37 -14.1.17*
UB.38
UB.39 -17.5.17*
UB.40
UB.30 2.17-
UB.31 2.17-
UB.32 2.17-19.8.17*
UB.36 2.17-21.5.17*
UB.20 3.17-29.7.17*
UB.51 8.17-13.11.17*
UB.54 8.17-
UB.55 8.17-
UB.56 9.17-19.12.17* I
UB.57 9.17-  I
UB.58 10.17-  I
UB.33 10.17-
UB.59 11.17-  I
UB.80 11.17-
UB.81 11.17-2.12.17* I
UC.1  -24.7.17*
UC.4
UC.6 -28.9.17*
UC.7 -5.7.17*
UC.8
UC.11
UC.16 -10.17*
UC.17
UC.18 -12.3.17*
UC.26 -9.5.17*
UC.46 -8.2.17*
UC.47 1.17-18.11.17*
UC.14 1.17-3.10.17*
UC.36 2.17-20.5.17*
UC.39 2.17-8.2.17*
UC.48 2.17-
UC.61 2.17-26.7.17*
UC.65 2.17-3.11.17*
UC.66 2.17-12.6.17*
UC.68 2.17-5.4.17*
UC.70 2.17-
UC.72 2.17-22.9.17*
UC.69 3.17-16.12.17*
UC.71 3.17-
UC.62 3.17-14.10.17*
UC.63 4.17-1.11.17*
UC.64 5.17-
UC.50 7.17-
UC.75 7.17-
UC.77 7.17-
UC.79 8.17-
UC.51 8.17-13.11.17*
1918
UB.10  -5.10.18*
UB.12 -8.18*
UB.16 -10.5.18*
UB.17 -25.2.18
UB.30 -31.8.18*
UB.31 -2.5.18*
UB.33 -11.4.18*
UB.38 -8.2.18*
UB.40 -5.10.18*
UB.54 -11.3.18*
UB.55 -22.4.18*
UB.57 -14.8.18* I
UB.58 -10.3.18* I
UB.59 -5.10.18* I
UB.80 +
UB.74 1.18-25.6.18*
UB.78 2.18-9.5.18* I
UB.103 3.18-16.9.18*I
UB.109 3.18-29.8.18*I
UB.107 5.18-27.7.18*II
UB.88 + 6.18-
UB.108 6.18-7.8.18* I
UB.110 6.18-19.7.18*II
UB.104 7.18-19.9.18*
UB.111 + 7.18-
UB.112 +7.18-
UB.113 7.18-14.9.18*
UB.115 7.18-29.9.18* II
UB.116 8.18-25.10.18*
UB.117 + 8.18-
+returned to Germany 10.18
UC.4  -4.10.18*
UC.8 -6.11.18*
UC.11 -26.6.18*
UC.17+
UC.48 3.18-interned
UC.50 -4.2.18*
UC.64 -20.6.18*
UC.70 -28.8.18*
UC.71+
UC.75 -31.5.18*
UC.77 -8.7.18*
UC.79 -4.18*
UC.56 1.18-interned 5.18
UC.78 1.18-2.5.18*
UC.49 5.18-8.8.18*
UC.31 + 6.18-
UC.40 + 9.18-
+ returned to Germany 10.18

 
ADRIATIC U-BOAT FLOTILLA
 9.15-Pola and later Cattaro as subsidiary base -10.18

Year
U-boats 
UB boats
UC boats
1915 U.34  8.15-
U.35 8.15-
U.39 9.15-
U.38 10.15-
UB.1  5.15--to AH-lost 8.15*
UB.3 5.15-11.15 to Flanders
UC.12  5.15-
UC.13 5.15-
UC.14 5.15-
1916 U.34
U.35
U.38
U.39
U.73 4.16-
U.72 9.16-
U.63 10.16-
U.32 11.16-
U.47 11.16-
U.52 11.16-
U.64 11.16-
U.65 11.16-
UB.43  5.16 -to AH
UB.44 5.16-30.7.16*
UB.47 7.16 to AH
UC.12  -17.3.16*
UC.13 -11.16*
UC.14
UC.22 10.16-
UC.20 12.16-
UC.34 12.16-
UC.35 12.16-
1917 U.32
U.34
U.35
U.38
U.39
U.47
U.52 4.17 to 2SMF
U.63
U.64
U.65
U.72
U.73
UB.48  8.17-
UB.50 9.17-
UB.49 10.17-
UB.51 10.17-
UB.52 10.17-
UB.53 11.17-
UB.66 12.17-
UC.14  1.17 to Flanders
UC.20
UC.22
UC.34
UC.35
UC.37 1.17-
UC.38 1.17-14.12.17*
UC.24 2.17-24.5.27*
UC.74 3.17-
UC.67 3.17-
UC.25 4.17-
UC.27 4.17
UC.73 5.17-
UC.52 6.17-
UC.53 6.17-
UC.54 7.17-
1918 U.32  -8.5.18*
U.34 -9.11.18*
U.35 +
U.38+
U.39 5.18 interned
U.47 -28.10.18*
U.63 +
U.64 -17,6,18*
U.65 -28.10.18*
U.72 -1.11.18*
U.73 -28.10.18*
+ returned to Germany 10.18
UB.48 +
UB.49 +
UB.50 +
UB. 51+
UB.52 -23.5.18*
UB.53 -3.8.18*
UB.66 -18.1.18*
UB. 69 1.18-8.1.18*
UB.71 4.18-21.4.18
UB.105+ 4.18-
UB.70 5.18-8.5.28*
UB.128 *8.18-
UB.129 -30.10.18*
UC.20+
UC.22+
UC.25 -28.10.18*
UC.27 +
UC.34 -10.18*
UC.35 +
UC.37 -7.18 to Black Sea
UC.52 +
UC.53 -28.10.18*
UC.54 -28.10.18*
UC.67 +
UC.73 +
UC.74 11.18-interned


CONSTANTINOPLE U-BOAT FLOTILLA
9.15-Constantinople -10.18
also used bases at Varna, and, from 5.18, Sevastopol

Year
U-boats 
UB boats
UC boats
1915 U.21  5.15-
U.33 9.15-
UB.7  5.15-
UB.8 5.15-
UB.14 9.15-
UB.15 9.15- to AH
UC.15  5.15-
1916 U.21
U.33
UB.7  -27.9.16*
UB.8 5.16 to Bulgaria
UB.14
UB.42 5.16-
UB.45 5.16-31.10.16*
UB.46 8.16-16.12.16*
UC.15  -30.11.16*
UC.23 10.16-
1917 U.21  2.17 to 3SMF
U.33
UB.14
UB.42
UC.23
1918 U.33+
Returned to Germany 10.18
UB.14
UB.42
UC.23
UC.37 7.18-


U-CRUISER FLEET
5.17-11.18, Kiel


SMS U.139, 1930/2483t, 2-5.9in guns (Photo Ships)

1917 1918
U.155  5.17-
U.151  8.17-
U.156  10.17-
U.157  11.17-
U.151
U.155
U.156  -25.9.18*
U.157
U.152  1.18-
U.153  2.18-
U.154  2.18-11.5.18*
U.140  6.18-
U.139  9.18-
U.141  10.18-







8. DISTRIBUTION AND FATE OF GERMAN NAVAL FORCES
November 1918-June 1919




SMS Koenigsberg, light cruiser, to France as FS Metz
(Photo Ships)

Battleships

* The Fleet Flagship and III Squadron & IV Squadron surrendered at Rosyth 20.11.18 - scuttled at Scapa Flow 21.6.19

Fleet Flagship: Baden*
I Squadron III Squadron IV Squadron
Battleships
Ostfriesland [F]
Nassau
Posen
Rheinland [damaged]
Westfalen [Gunnery TS]
Helgoland
Oldenburg
Thuringen
Battleships
Konig [F]*
Bayern *
Grosser Kurfurst*
Kronprinz Wilhelm*
Markgraf*
Battleships
Friedrich der Grosse [F]*
Kaiser*
Kaiserin*
Konig Albert*
Prinzregent Luitpold*

I Squadron decommissioned in home ports.
All were broken up except Ostfriesland which was expended in US bombing trials 21.7.21


Battlecruisers and Light Cruisers

* Ships surrendered at Rosyth 20.11.18 - to Scapa and scuttled 21.6.19

1 Scouting Group 2 Scouting Group  4 Scouting Group
Battlecruisers
Hindenburg [F]*
Derrflinger*
Moltke*
Seydlitz*
Von der Tann*
Light cruisers
Konigsberg [F]
Dresden*
Graudenz
Karlsruhe*
Koln*
Nurnberg*
Pillau
Light cruisers
Regensburg [F]
Bremse*
Brummer*
Stralsund
Strassburg
Destroyer Flotilla Flagships
Emden [Battle Fleet]*
Frankfurt [Scouting Force]*
Seaplane carrier-
Stuttgart

Baltic - light cruisers
Augsburg
Kolberg?
Light cruisers - training ships
Hamburg
Berlin
Lubeck
Munchen
Danzig
Stettin

Note:
Frankfurt - beached and expended on US bombing trials 18.7.21
Emden - beached, expended in trials by French Navy 1926
Nurnberg - beached, expended in trials by UK 7.7.22


Fate of the other Light Cruisers

To other navies Scrapped Retained for Reichsmarine
To France
Kolberg - as Colmar
Stralsund - as Mulhouse
Regensburg - as Strasbourg
Konigsberg - as Metz

To Italy-
Graudenz -as Ancona
Pillau-as Bari
Danzig
Lubeck
Munchen
Stettin
Stuttgart
Augsburg
Hamburg
Berlin


Torpedo-Boat Flotillas

* scuttled at Scapa Flow

1st TB Flotilla 2nd TB Flotilla 3rd TB Flotilla
V.129 [Ldr]*

1st HF-
S.32*
G.38*
G.39*
G.40*
G.86*

2nd HF-
V.130 -to France
S.132*
S.134-to France
S.135-to France
S.136*
B.97 [Ldr] -to Italy

3rd HF-
V.100*
G.101*
G.102*
G.103*
G.104*

4th HF-
B.98*
B.109*
B.110*
B.111*
B.112*
[ex Flanders]
V.71 [Ldr] interned Sweden

5th HF-
V.81*

6th HF-
S.53*
S.54*
S.55*
V.70*
G.91*
4th TB Flotilla [Baltic] 5th TB Flotilla 6th TB Flotilla
7th HF-
T.139
T.140
T.141
T.143
T.145**

8th HF or 19th HF-
T.151
T.154
T,155
T.157
T.158
T.160**
All retained for Reichsmarine except ** which were scrapped.
9th HF-
V.1
V.2
V.3
V.4
V.6
S.23

10th HF-
G.7
G.8
G.10
G.11
All retained for Reichsmarine
11th HF-
V.125*
V.126*
V.127*
V.128*
S.131*
S.132*

12th HF-
V.43*
V.44*
V.45*
V.46*
S.50*
7th TB Flotilla 8th TB Flotilla 9th TB Flotilla
13th HF-
S.56*
S.65*
V.78*
V.83*

14th HF-
G.89*
G.92*
S.136*
S.137*
S.138*
H.145*
15th HF-
T.189
T.190 - retained by Reichsmarine
T.192
T.193
T.195

16th HF-
T.174
T.178
T.179
T.180
T.186
All scrapped except T.190
V.79 [Ldr]- to France

17th HF-
S.36*
S.51*
S.52*
V.60*
V.80*

18th HF-
V.26 - scrapped
V.28 - scrapped


Ex Flanders TB Flotilla Baltic Training Flotilla 10.18
1st HF-
G.95 - scrapped

2nd HF-
S.63*
V.82*
1st HF-
T107
V.108
T.134
T.166
T.173

2nd Half-
T.126
T.142
T.163
T.167
All scrapped
1st Escort Flotilla 2nd Escort Flotilla
1st HF-
T.93
T.109
T.112
T.127
T.165
T.170
T.181
T.182
T.183

2nd HF-
S.18
S.19
S.24
T.113
T.131
T.135
T.147
T.148 - retained by Reichsmarine
T.185 - retained by Reichsmarine
T.196 - retained by Reichsmarine
T.197

3rd HF-
T.136
T.169

& 12 'A'TB's

All scrapped except S.18, S.19
4th HF-

5th HF-
T.99

6th HF-
T.97

7th HF-
T125

8th HF-
T114

9th HF-
T.102

10th HF-
T.92
T.103
T.128

All scrapped.



U-Boat Flotillas
November 1918

All boats surrendered and were disposed of except where indicated

1st UB Flotilla 2nd UB Flotilla 3rd UB Flotilla
U.71
U.79 -to France
U.80
U.117
U.118
U.119 -to France
UB.21
UB.73
UB.77
UC.58
UC.59
UC.71
U.52
U.53
U.57
U.60
U.62
U.100
U.101
UB.62
UB.64
UB.91
UB.92
UB.93
UB.94 -to France
UB.95
UB.96
UB.97
U.19
U.21
U.22
U.43
U.46
U.90
U.91
UB.83
UB.86
UB.87
UB.118
UB.119
UB.120
UB.122
UB.125
UB.126
4th UB Flotilla Ex Flanders Cruiser Flotilla
U.67
U.70
U.82
U.86
U.94
U.96
U.97
U.98
U.105
U.107
U.108
U.110
U.111
U.113
U.114
U.160
U.161
U.162
UB.80
UB.88
UB.111
UB.112
UB.117
UC.17
UC.31
UC.40
UC.71
U.139
U.140
U.141
U.151
U.152
U.153
U.155
U.157
Ex Adriatic Ex Constantinople Black Sea
U.35
U.38
U.63
UB.40
UB.49
UB.50
UB.51
UB.105
UB.128
UC.20
UC.22
UC.27
UC.35
UC.52
UC.67
UC.73
U.33 UB.14
UB.42
UC.23
UC.37






9. GERMAN WARSHIPS TAKEN OVER BY THE VICTOR NATIONS AFTER 1919



SMS M.48, an earlier minesweeper, continued in
service with Reichsmarine (Photo Ships)

Many other ships and submarines were allocated to the victorious powers but were never employed. All French and most Italian vessels were renamed.

Argentina
Minesweepers-
M.48
M.51
M.52
M.53
M.74
M.79
M.80
M.101
M.105

Belgium

Torpedo boats-
A.5
A.8
A.9
A.11
A.12
A.14
A.16
A.20
A.30
A.40
A.42
A.43
A.47

Estonia
Torpedo boat
A.32
France     
Light Cruisers-
Kolberg - as Colmar
Stralsund - as Mulhouse
Regensburg - as Strasbourg
Konigsberg - as Metz

Destroyers-
V.79 - as Pierre Durand
S.113 - as Amiral Senes
V.130 - as Buino
S.133 - as Chastang
S.134 - as Vesco
S.135 - as Mazare
S.139 - as Deligny
H.146 - as Rageot de la Touche
H.147 - as Delage

Submarines-
U.79 - as Victor Reveille
U.105 - as Jean Autric
U.108 - as Leon Mignot
U.119 - as Rene Audry
U.139 - as Halbronn
U.162 - as Pierre Marrast
U.166 - as Jean Roulier
UB.26 - as Roland Morillot
UB.94 - as Trinite-Schillemans
UB.99 - as Carisson
UB.155 - as Jean Corre 
Italy
Light Cruisers-
Strassburg - as Taranto
Graudenz - as Ancona
Pillau - as Bari

Destroyers
S.63 - as Ardimentoso
B.97 - as Cesare Rossorol
V.116 - as Premuda

Minesweepers-
M.119
M.120

Latvia-
Minesweeper- M.68

Lithuania
  Minesweeper- M.59

Poland
Torpedo boats-
A.59
A.64
A.68
A.80

Uruguay
Minesweeper- M.131

Yugoslavia
Minesweepers-
M.97
M.100
M.106
M.112
M.121
M.144






10. WARSHIPS RETAINED BY THE REICHSMARINE, STRENGTH 1922



SMS Hessen, battleship, not active (Alexander Monreal)


An indication of the strength permitted by the Versailles Treaty:

Baltic North Sea Not active
Battleship-
Hannover

Cruisers-
Berlin
Medusa

1st Destroyer Flotilla [5]
5th Half-Flotilla [5]
Battleship-
Braunschwieg

Cruisers-
Arcona
Hamburg

2nd Destroyer Flotilla [5]
11th Half-Flotilla [5]
Battleships-
Elsass
Hessen
Preussen
Lothringen
Schlesien
Schleswig-Holstein

Cruisers-
Amazone
Hamburg
Niobe
Nymphe
Thetis

2 destroyers
9 torpedo boats






11. SOURCES AND FURTHER READING

General background
'Luxury Fleet: The imperial German Navy 1888-1918' Holger Herwig
Fighting the Great War at Sea' Norman Friedman

Technical details
Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1859-1905
Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1922
German Warships of World War One, J C Taylor

Leadership
Rangliste der Kaiserlich Deutschen Marine - various issues between 1893 and 1914 [The German equivalent of Britain's 'Navy List]
Full details of fleet and squadron commanders can be found on 'The Maritime War' website where articles by Dave Alton can be found.
Further material was found on a now defunct French genealogical website-web.genealogie.free.fr

Organisation of squadrons and flotillas
'Flottenchronik' by Harald Fock
'Room 40: German Naval Warfare 1914-1918' [edited by Hans Joachim Koerver]
Volume 1 - Fleet in Action
Volume 2 - Fleet in Being
These are transcripts of material compiled in Room 40 by W.F.Clarke and Frank Birch, which are deposited in the National Archives at Kew
 
U-Boats
The main source is the website 'U-Boat.net' which provides detailed career histories of each boat. The composition of flotillas can be constructed from this material.

De.Wikipedia
Has comprehensive listing of torpedo-boats and U-boats as well as articles on each major warship-battleships and cruisers.

My colleague Mike Cox supplied me with much useful material on the composition of torpedo-boat flotillas, as well as the order of battle for 10th August 1914.






APPENDIX

FLAG OFFICERS OF THE IMPERIAL GERMAN NAVY 1914-1918
(IG - Inspector-General)



Admiral Capelle
(Pour le Merite site)
Grand Admiral von Tirpitz
(from "My Memoirs")
Rear-Admiral Trotha, 1916
(Great War site)



  1. LISTED MAY 1914 AS:


GRAND ADMIRALS

4.9.09-Prince Henry of Prussia [1862-1927], Inspector-General 10.09-8.19 & Supreme Commander, Baltic 31.7.14-10.9.18

27.1.11-Alfred Tirpitz [1849-1930], State Secretary of the Navy 6.1897-15.3.16


ADMIRALS

27.1.10-Hening von Holtzendorf [1853-1919], 31.5.18-Grand Admiral, retired list 1914, Chief of Admiralty Staff 5.9.15-10.8.18

29.8.10-Alexander von Muller [1854-1940], Chief, Naval Cabinet 5.06-12.18

6.5.12- Carl Coerper [1854-1942], Chief, Baltic Naval Station-7.14 retired

27.1.11-Ludwig von Schroeder [1854-1933], Marine Corps & Flanders Coast 8.14-12.18

27.1.13-Hugo von Pohl [1855-23.2.1916], Chief, Admiralty Staff 4.13-2.15, CinC High Seas Fleet 2.2.15-23.1.16

27.1.13- August von Heeringen [1855-1927], Chief, North Sea Station -7.14 retired

12.4.13-Eduard von Capelle [1855-1931], Under-Secretary of the Navy 5.14-11.15, State Secretary of the Navy 2.16-10.18

15.11.13-Friedrich von Ingenohl [1857-1933], CinC High Seas Fleet 30.1.13-2.2.15, CinC Baltic Station 2.15-8.15 [retired]


VICE ADMIRALS

27.1.11- Hermann Jacobsen [1859-1943], retired list, 1st Marine Division 3.11.14-10.1.18

22.3.11- Karl Dick [1858-1928], 17.9.14-Admiral, Naval Shipyard Dept. 8.10-4.16

22.3.11-Johannes Schroder [1858-1933], retired list, Wesermunde Fortress 8.14-2.16

10.4.11-Max von Gradow [1861-1924], 22.3.15-actg Admiral, Nautical Dept. 4.11-9.15, temporary Cmdr 5 Battle Squadron 5.8.14-23.1.15

5.9.11- Gustav Bachmann [1860-1945], 22.3.15-Admiral, to Chief Baltic Station 23.7.14, Chief of Admiralty Staff 2-9.15, CinC Baltic Station 9.15-8.18, State Secretary for the Navy 10-12.18

5.9.11- Gunther von Krosigk [1860-1938], 22.3.15-Admiral, CinC North Sea Station .7.14-12.18

6.5.12- Hans von Dambrowski [1861-1938], Education & Training Dept - 12.16.

27.1.13-Gerhard Gerdes [1861-1941], 30.4.18-actg Admiral, Armaments Dept. 9.09-10.17

27.1.13-Wilhelm von Lans [1861-1947], 18.9.15-ret Admiral, 1st Battle Squadron 1.10.12-14.2.15

15.11.13-Reinhard Koch [1861-1939], 27.1.18-Admiral, Commandant, Kiel 8.14-8.15, Deputy Chief Admiralty Staff 9.15-8.18

15.11.13-Graf Maximilian von Spee [1861-1914], East Asiatic Squadron 12.12-8.12.14 KIA

9.12.13-Reinhard von Scheer [1863-1928], 5.6.16-Admiral, 2nd Battle Squadron 4.2.13-26.12.14, 3rd Battle Squadron 27.2.14-15.1.16, CinC High Seas Fleet 24.1.16-6.8.18, Chief, Supreme Naval Command 11.8.18-14.11.18

22.3.14-Erhard Schmidt [1863-1946], 27.1.18-Admiral, 4th Battle Squadron 7.14-8.15, 1st Battle Squadron 8.15-1.18

31.3.14-Harald Dahnhardt [1863-1944], States Dept. 31.4-1.16 [ret]


REAR ADMIRALS

27.5.06 Alfred Erlich [1854-1922], 13.5.16-Vice Admiral, ex retired list, Wilhelmshaven Fortress 10.14-6.16

19.11.10-Konrad Henkel-Gebhardi [1860-1923], 14.7.14-Vice Admiral, 11.6.18-Admiral, Kiel Naval Base 7.10-10.18

19.11.10-Franz von Holleben [ 1863-1938], 13.10.14-Vice Admiral, Danzig Naval Base 9.10-8.17

27.1.11-Leo Jacobsen [1862-1954], 27.1.16-Vice Admiral, Heligoland Fortress 10.12-1.19
27.1.11-Richard Eckermann [1862-1916], 13.10.14-Vice Admiral, IG Torpedoes 2.14-, 6th Battle Squadron 12-31.8.14, Chief of Staff, High Seas Fleet 9.14-2.15, 1st Battle Squadron 16.2.15-19.6.15

12.3.11-Christian Schutze [ -7.15], 27.1.15-Vice Admiral, Commandant, Kiel -9.14

10.4.11-Wilhelm Souchon [1864-1946], 27.1.15-Vice Admiral, 11.8.18-Admiral, Mediterranean Squadron 10.13-9.14, Turkish Fleet 9.14-9.17, 4th Battle Squadron 4.9.17-12.8.18

5.9.11-Konrad Trummler [1864-1936], 17.6.15-Vice Admiral, IG Coast Artillery & Mines 10.13-12.16

27.1.12-Franz von Hipper [1863-1932], 17.6.15-Vice Admiral, 6.8.18-Admiral, Scouting Forces 1.10.13-7.8.18, CinC High Seas Fleet 7.8.18-30.11.18

27.1.12-Friedrich Schulz [1865-1945], 17.6.15-Vice Admiral, Wilhelmshaven Fortress 11.11-10.14, 2nd Marine Division 11.14-8.15, 4th Battle Squadron 21.8.15-18.12.15, Scouting Force, Baltic 1-6.16, Wilhelmshaven Fortress 6.16-10.17, 1st Marine Division 1-12.18

22.3.12-Hubert Reuber von Passchwitz [1863-1933], 18.9.15-Vice Admiral, Naval Academy, 3 Scouting Group 2.8.14-17.4.15, IG Naval Construction 4.15-4.16, 2nd Battle Squadron 1.12.16-15.8.17, Mediterranean 9.17-11.18

18.11.12-Friedrich Gadecke [1866-1935], 2 i/c 1st Battle Squadron 1.10.13-20.6.15, Nautical Dept. 9.15-12.16 [ret]

18.11.12-Felix Funke [1865-1932], 18.9.15-Vice Admiral, 3rd Battle Squadron 1.3.14-26.12.14, 2nd Battle Squadron 27.12.14-11.8.15 [ret]

14.12.12-Robert Mischke [1865-1932], 27.1.16-Vice Admiral, Coast Defences, Baltic 7.14-1.17

14.12.12-Carl Schaumann [1865-1938] 22.3.16-Vice Admiral, 2 i/c 3rd Battle Squadron 2.8.14-11.8.15, IG Artillery, Marine Corps 1.16-1.17, IG Coast Artillery & Mines 1.17-3.18 [ret]

27.1.13-Friedrich Schrader [1865-1937], 27.4.16-Vice Admiral, Naval Construction Dept. 11.13-9.18

12.4.13-Otto Wurmbach [1864-1940], 25.11.6-Vice Admiral, Chief of Staff, North Sea Station, IG Education & Training 12.16-2.19

12.4.13-Gisberth Jasper [1865-1953], 25.11.16-Vice Admiral, 5 Scouting Group 8-11.14, 2nd Marine Division 11.14-11.18

15.11.13-Georg Hebbinghaus [1866-1944], 25.11.16-Vice Admiral, Chief of Staff, Baltic Station 10.12-12.14, 2nd Scouting Group 26.12.14-27.8.15, German Dept. 8.15-10.18

15,.11.13-Hermann Alberts [1865-1946], 25.11.6-Vice Admiral, Coast Defences, North Sea, 2 i/c 4th Battle Squadron 2.8.14-24.8.15, 2nd Inspector-General 8-10.15, Chief of Staff, Baltic 10.15-12.16, Nautical Dept. 12.16-5.18 [ret]

9.12.13-Leberecht Maass [1863-1914], 2nd Scouting Group & Leader Torpedo Forces 1.3.14--28.8.14 KIA

22.3.14-Arthur Tapken [1864-1945], 25.7.17-Vice Admiral, 2i/c Scouting Forces 1.3.14-25.12.14, Chief of Staff, Baltic 12.14-10.15 [ret]

22.3.14-Frank Mauve [1864-1931], 25.11.16-Vice Admiral, 2 i/c 2nd Battle Squadron 1.10.13-11.8.15, 2nd Battle Squadron 12.8.15-30.11.16, 4th Battle Squadron 1.12.16-12.8.17 [ret]

22.6.14-Ehler Bering [1865-1918], 2 i/c 6th Battle Squadron 8.14, 9.14-?, Baltic States 4-5.18, 1st Marine Brigade 5.18-7.7.18 KIA

14.7.14-Paul Benecke [1866-1937], 25.11.16-Vice Admiral, Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff 8.14-9.15, ?? High Seas Fleet 9-12.15, 3rd Battle Squadron 12.1.16-11.8.18, Deputy State Secretary 8-9.18, CinC High Seas Fleet 9.18-2.19

14.7.14-Hugo Kraft [1866-1925], 25.11.16-Vice Admiral, Wilhelmshaven Base 3.14-3.16, Navy Shipyard Dept 4.16-12.17, temp 4th Battle Squadron 19.1.18-13.2.18, temp 3rd Battle Squadron 15.4.18-9.5.18, temp 4th Battle Squadron 4.6.18-22.7.18, 3rd Battle Squadron 12.8.18-5.11.18

19.9.14-Harwarth Schmidt von Schmid [1866-1941], 14.10.17-Vice Admiral, 6th Battle Squadron 3.9.14-31.8.15, 1st Marine Brigade 1.16-12.16, Coast Defences, Baltic 1.17-8.17 [ret],


2. PROMOTIONS TO REAR ADMIRAL 1915

22.3.15- Alfred Begas [1866-1938], 14.10.17-Vice Admiral, 2 i/c 5th Battle Squadron 7.8.14-23.1.15, 5th Battle Squadron 24.1.15-15.1.16, Libau 6.16-2.18

22.3.15-Georg Scheidt [1865-1943], 16.7.17-Vice Admiral, 4th Scouting Group 26.1.15-3.9.15, IG Naval Depots 9.15-5.17 [ret]

22.3.15-Friedrich Boedicker [1866-1944], 27.12.18-Vice Admiral, German Dept. 7.14-8.15, 2nd Scouting Group 28.8.15-10.9.16, 2 i/c 1st Scouting Group 11.9.16-14.10.16, 2 i/c Scouting Forces 15.10.16-20.1.18, 1st Battle Squadron 22.1.18-27.11.18

22.3.15-Albert Hopman [1865-1942], 14.10.17-Vice Admiral, Scouting Group Baltic 4.15-1.16, Operations Division, Naval Staff 10-12.16, Scouting Forces Baltic & Chief of Staff Baltic 12.16-12.17, Black Sea 1-11.18

22.3.15-Ernst von Mann Edler von Tiechler [1864-1934], 27.1.18-Vice Admiral, IG Torpedoes 11.14-12.17, U-Boat Bureau 12.17-10.18, State Secretary 10.18-1.19

18.9.15-Georg von Ammon [1869-1937], 18.9.18-Vice Admiral, Kiel Fortress 1.15-12.16, 1st Marine Brigade 1.17-11.17, 2nd Marine Brigade 11.17-9.18

18.9.15- Hermann Nordmann [1868-1933], 18.9.18-Vice Admiral, 2 i/c 3rd Battle Squadron 12.8.15-8.12.16, Operations Bureau, Naval Staff 12.16-5.17, Security, Baltic 8./17-2.19

18.9.15-Maximilian Rogge [1866-1940], 18.9.18-Vice Admiral, ??, Armaments Dept, 10.17-12.18

17.10.15-Richard Engel [1866-1954], 29.10.18-Vice Admiral, 2 i/c 1st Battle Squadron 22.8.15-19.2.16, Wilhelmshaven Base 3.16-3.19

16.11.15-Freiherr Gottfried Dalwigk zu Lichtenfels [1868-1936], 2 i/c 2nd Battle Squadron 20.8.15-30.11.16, 2 i/c 4th Battle Squadron 4.12.16-27.5.17, 2 i/c 1st Battle Squadron 28.5.17-2.11.17, Commission, Riga 12.17-9.18, Naval Construction Dept. 9.18-9.19


3. PROMOTIONS TO REAR-ADMIRAL 1916

27.1.16- Walter Engelhardt [1867-1943], 2 i/c 4th Battle Squadron 26.8.15-10.11.15, Commandant Kiel 11.15-, 2 i/c 1st Battle Squadron 1.3.16-27.5.17, Commandant Kiel 5.17-, IG Coast Artillery 3-12.18

27.1.16-Fhr Curt von Rossing [1868-1942], 13.12.17-Vice Admiral, 3rd Marine Brigade 1.16-, 2nd Marine Brigade 5-11.17

27.1.16- Ludolf von Ussler [1867-1939], Chief of Staff, Baltic 9.15-, Security, Baltic 12.17-, Kurland 2.18-, Baltic 5-11.18

27.1.16- Max Witschel [1863-1916] [IG Marine Corps Artillery 11.14-1.16]

23.3.16-Hugo Westphal [??], Technical Commission 10.14-1.17

24.4.16-Hugo Langemarck [??], Torpedo Craft, Baltic 1.16-, Security, Baltic 6-12.16, IG Minecraft 7.17-1.19

24.4.16- Robert Kuhne [1868-1947], 2nd Inspector-General 2.16-1.18 [ret]

25.11.16-Ludwig Reuter [1869-1943], 4 Scouting Group 3.9.15-10.9.16, 2 Scouting Group 11.8.16-2.1.18, 2 i/c 1st Scouting Group 22.1.18-10.8.18, Scouting Forces 11.8.18-17.11.18

25.11.16-Carl Hollweg [1867-1932], Naval Staff, Danzig Naval Base 9.17-, Naval Shipyards Dept 8.18-

25.11.16-Karl Seiferling [??], 4 Scouting Group 11.10.16-11.12.16, 2 i/c 3rd Battle Squadron 22.12.16-31.10.17, IG U-boats 11.17-12.18

25.11.16-Karl Wedding [1867-1952], 4 Marine Brigade 11.14-5.17, 3 Marine Brigade 5.17-11.18

27.11.16-Ferdinand Bertram [1868-1941], Libau Naval Base 11.15-11.17

17.12.16-Adolf von Trotha [1868-1940], Chief of Staff, High Seas Fleet 1.16-11.18

17.12.16-Walter Uthmann [1866-1944], Kiel Fortress 12.16-, Wilhelmshaven Fortress 12.17-, IG Torpedoes or Torpedo Craft 12.17-1.19


4. PROMOTIONS TO REAR-ADMIRAL  1917

31.5.17- Fhr Walter von Keyserligk [1869-1946], Operations Staff 6.17-, Security, Baltic 8.18-8.19

31.5.17- Richard Lange [1868-1939], IG Naval Depots 6.17-1.19

16.7.17- Ulrich Lubbert [1867-1945], -

17.9.17- Georg Ahlert [1867-1953], -

14.10.17-Hugo Meurer [1869-1960], 2 i/c 4th Battle Squadron 28.5.17-12.8.18, 4th Battle Squadron 13.8.18-12.11.18, High Seas Fleet 11.18-1.19, Cmdr Baltic 3.19-1.20

14.10.17- Constanz Feldt [1867-1942], Chief of Staff, North Sea Station 12.16-8.18, 2 i/c 3rd Battle Squadron 19.8-30.11.18

14.10.17- Max Hahn [1870-1944], 4 Scouting Group 25.12.16-30.11.17, IG Coast Artillery 1.18-5.19

14.10.17-Carl Heuser [1867-1942], Nautical Dept. 5.18-5.19


5. PROMOTIONS TO REAR-ADMIRAL 1918

27.1.18- Ernest Goette [1869-1945], 2 i/c 3rd Battle Squadron 15.11.17-18.8.18, 2 i/c 4th Battle Squadron 19.8.18-16.12.18

27.1.18- Johannes Hartog [1867-1947], 2 i/c 1st Battle Squadron 5.12.17-30.11.18

27.1.18- Karl Sievers [1868-1940], 1st Inspector-General 9.17-1.19

28.2.18- Siegfried von Jachmann [1867-1945], IG Pomerania/Mecklenberg coast 3.14-2.18

28.4.18- Wilhelm Hopfner [1868-1951], 2nd Inspector-General 1-11.18

28.4.18- Eduard Varrentraps [1868-1928], Wilhelmshaven Fortress 12.17-1.19

29.5.18- Hermann Schroder [1868-1946], 1st Marine Brigade 11.17-5.18

18.9.18- Eberhard von Mantey [1872-1953], POW's Bureau 2.16-6.19

18.9.18- Theodore Fuchs [1868-1942], Kiel Fortress 11.17-11.18

18.9.18- Carl Hering [1868-1948], IG Torpedo Works 10.12-11.18

18.9.18- Johannes von Karpf [1867-1941], 4 Scouting Group 2.12.17-8.11.18

18.9.18- Hans Kusel [1870-1951], Chief of Staff, Baltic 12.16-3.19

18.9.18- Waldemar Pieper [1871-1945], att. Navy Dept

18.9.18- Johannes Redlich [1862-1935], Shipbuilding Commission 9-12.18

9.10.18-Frederick von Bulow [1870-1929], DCNS, Navy 8-12.18

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revised 7/11/15