TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(click chapter numbers)

 

Part 2

XVI	With the Navy on board the battleships and cruisers
XVII	The activities of the Fifth Brigade
XVIII	Statistics concerning casualties
XIX	Citations of Marine units by French - Days in France- Artillery captured - Prisoners captured - Kilometers advanced against the enemy - Decorations awarded Marines
XX	Rifle practice - Rifle and pistol competitions participated in by Marines during the war
XXI	Aviation statistics
XXII	Marine Corps Reserve
XXIII	Return of Marines from Europe Parades in the United States
XXIV	Demobilization
XXV	The Office of the Major General Commandant - The Adjutant and Inspector's Department
XXVI	The Paymaster's Department
XXVII	The Quartermaster's Department

 

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Chapter XVI.

 

WITH THE NAVY ON BOARD THE BATTLESHIPS AND CRUISERS.

 

With the British Grand Fleet.

 

below - Main locations (excluding northern France) associated with US Marine Corps activities and operations during World War 1

 

Division 9 of the Atlantic Fleet, composed of the NEW YORK (flagship), WYOMING, FLORIDA, and DELAWARE, was detailed for service with the British Grand Fleet, rendezvoused on November 24, 1917, in Lynnhaven Roads, Chesapeake Bay and sailed for its destination the following day.

 

The division took the northern passage and was 13 days en route, 4 days of which were spent in holding its own against a 90-mile gale off the Newfoundland coast. On December 7, 1917, the American battleship anchored with the British Grand Fleet in Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, after a rousing reception, and on December 26 were designated the Sixth Battle Squadron of the British Grand Fleet.

 

From the time of its arrival to November 29, 1918, this squadron with the addition of the TEXAS, in February, 1918, and the substitution of the ARKANSAS for the DELAWARE in July, 1918, operated with the British Grand Fleet, basing most of the time in Scapa Flow and the remainder of the time in the Firth of Forth (Rosyth). The squadron took its regular turn at convoy duty, patrol duty, target practice, and fleet exercises with all the other squadrons of the British Grand Fleet.

 

The squadron was at sea on an average of from 8 to 10 days each month and followed the procedure of the Grand Fleet in all respects, even going so far as to shift to the British methods of signalling.

 

Maj. Nelson P. Vulte was division Marine officer of this division the entire time it was a unit of the British Grand Fleet.

 

With reference to the operations of this division the Secretary of the Navy in his annual report made the following statements:

 

USS Florida, battleship

 

Assigned one of the two places of honor and importance in the battle line, this American division did its full share of the Grand Fleet's work, including patrol search for the enemy, protection of convoys, mining, and other forces, and, most important of all, in the repeated attempts to engage the German High Seas Fleet, for which the ships of the Grand Fleet were kept in the highest state of efficiency and readiness. Our battleships were attacked six times by submarines. On one occasion, off the Norwegian coast, four torpedoes were fired at the FLORIDA and two at the DELAWARE, and at another time three were fired at the FLORIDA and two of our vessels was hit, and only damage done was to the NEW YORK, which while leading the division into Pentland Firth, was rammed by a submerged submarine. Two blades of her propeller were broken off, but officers and crew were convinced that the blows from the propeller sank the U-boat.

 

Surrender of the German High Seas Fleet.

 

The American battleships occupied a prominent position in the north column of the Grand Fleet on the occasion of the surrender of the German High Seas Fleet, on November 21, 1918, off the mouth of the Firth of Forth and assisted in escorting it into that port where the German vessels were searched and later dispatched under guard to Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, for internment.

 

The American vessels did not accompany the surrendered German war vessels to Scapa, but were detached from the British Grand Fleet on December 1, 1918; and sailed from Rosyth for Portland (Weymouth). The day after the surrender of the German Fleet the NEVADA, which had been serving with Division 6 of the Atlantic Fleet in Bantry Bay, Ireland, joined Division 9, at Rosyth and proceeded with it to Portland.

 

At Castletown Berehaven, Bantry Bay, Ireland.

 

The Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy makes the following remarks concerning Division 6:

 

Division 6, composed of the UTAH (flagship), NEVADA, and OKLAHOMA, was based on Berehaven, Bantry Bay, Ireland, its principal duty being to protect our convoys from possible enemy raiders. This division made two trips into the Channel, escorting convoys when enemy submarines were reported in the vicinity.

 

Maj. Leon W. Hoyt was the division Marine officer of this division during its entire stay in European waters.

 

The NEVADA joined the American battleships of Division 9 the day after the surrender of the German Fleet off Rosyth, near Edinburgh.

 

Escorting The President Into Brest.

 

Division 9 joined Division 6 at Portland Bill and both divisions left that port in time to assist the PENNSYLVANIA in escorting President Wilson, on board the GEORGE WASHINGTON, into the harbor of Brest.

 

Welcomed Home by Naval Review.

 

On December 14, 1918, our battleships sailed from Brest for the United States, arrived off Ambrose Lightship the afternoon of Christmas Day, and the next morning steamed into New York Harbor where they were accorded a great demonstration. The naval review was followed by a land parade of all the returning officers, Bluejackets, and Marines.

 

The Atlantic Fleet.

 

Col. (Brig. Gen.) John T. Myers was the fleet Marine officer of the Atlantic Fleet from before the outbreak of the war to August 23, 1918, being relieved on that date by Col. Frederic L. Bradman who continued on that duty until after the armistice.

 

Col. John F. McGill was force Marine officer of the Battleship Force and later force Marine officer of Battleship Force Two until August 14, 1918, when he was relieved by Maj. Harold C. Wirgman, who continued as such until the force was suspended in September, 1918.

 

Lieut. Col. James McE. Huey was force Marine officer of Battleship Force One from September 3, 1917 to December 29, 1917, when he was relieved by Maj. Edwin N. McClellan who continued as such until March 28, 1918, when the Marines were temporarily withdrawn from the force.

 

Maj. Richard H. Tebbs, jr., was force Marine officer of the Cruiser Force.

 

The Pacific Fleet.

 

Col. Richard M. Cutts was fleet Marine officer of the Pacific Fleet from November 1, 1916 to October 14, 1918; and Lieut. Col. Charles B. Taylor from October 15, 1918 until after the armistice.

 

The Asiatic Fleet.

 

The Marines of the BROOKLYN, flagship of the Asiatic Fleet, participated in the activities around Vladivostok, Siberia, In 1918.

 

In June, 1918, Vladivostok, and practically all of Siberia, was under the control of the Bolsheviki. The Bolsheviki, assisted by German and Austrian prisoners of war, were resisting the advance of the Czecho-Slovaks, who were trying to reach Vladivostok. In that city on June 29, 1918, there were approximately 12,000 well-organized Czecho-Slovaks, only about 2,500 of whom were armed or equipped. On the foregoing date the Czecho-Slovaks in the city took it over from the Bolsheviki after a three hour battle near its center, and on the afternoon of that day Rear Admiral Austin M. Knight, commander in chief of the Asiatic Fleet, ordered a detachment of American Marines ashore to guard the American consulate and to act as part of an Allied force composed of British, Japanese, Chinese, and Czecho-Slovaks, to patrol the city.

 

In July, 1918, Marines from the BROOKLYN acted as guards over German and Austrian prisoners of war on Russian Island, about 5 miles from Vladivostok, while Marines from the same vessel constituted part of an Allied military force of American and British marines, Japanese and Chinese bluejackets, and Czecho-Slovak soldiers, which was organized to prevent a threatened strike and disorder among the workmen in the Russian navy yard at Vladivostok.

 

The ALBANY was at Vladivostok from April 2, 1919, until relieved by the NEW ORLEANS on July 25, 1919. Each of these ships, while they were anchored off Vladivostok, kept a small guard of Marines at the United States Naval radio station on Russian Island.

 

Col. Carl Gamborg-Andresen was fleet Marine officer of the Asiatic Fleet from August 25, 1915 to July 17, 1917; Col. Louis McC. Little from July 18, 1917 to April 25, 1918; and Col. Eli T. Fryer from that date until after the armistice.

 

 

 

Chapter XVII.

 

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FIFTH BRIGADE.

 

The Fifth Brigade.

 

The units of the Fifth Brigade were never together as a brigade in France  or at any time an element of a division, and for that reason its commanding  general was assigned additional duty in the American Expeditionary Forces. 

 

Brig. Gen. Eli Cole, the first commanding general of the Fifth Brigade,  arrived in France on September 24, 1918, and proceeded to headquarters,  Forty-first Division (First Depot Division), St. Aignan, France, reporting  there October 1 to 4, 1918; on October 6, 1918, he joined the Second Division  at Souain, France, as an observer and remained with the Second Division until  October 26, 1918, when he left to report at St. Aignan. On October 28, 1918,  Brig. Gen. Cole arrived at St. Aignan and assumed command of the Forty-first  Division (First Depot Division). From December 27, 1918, to January 10, 1919,  be commanded the First Replacement Depot. From January 12 to February 3,  1919, he commanded the American Embarkation Center at Le Mans, France. From  February 23, 1919, to March 4, 1919, he commanded the Forwarding Camp at Le  Mans, France. During the period March 5 to 21, 1919, Brig. Gen. Cole was  occupied in inspecting the units of the Fifth Brigade. He left Tours, France,  on March 31, arrived at Brest, France, same day, was detached from the  American Expeditionary Forces on March 31, and sailed for the United States on  the MAURETANIA, arriving at New York April 7, 1919. 

 

Brig. Gen. Smedley D. Butler relieved Brig. Gen. Cole as commanding  general of the brigade on April 9, 1919, and retained command until it was  demobilized in August, 1919. 

 

One of the most prominent and outstanding features of the American  Expeditionary Forces was the administration of Pontanezen Camp at Brest,  France, by Brig. Gen. Smedley D. Butler, United States Marine Corps, from  October 6, 1918, to the latter part of July, 1919. The words of the citation  conferring upon him the Army Distinguished Service Medal describes in general  terms the important work accomplished by Brig. Gen. Butler:   

 

Smedley D. Butler, brigadier general, United States Marine Corps.  For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services. He has  commanded with ability and energy Pontanezen Camp at Brest during  the time in which it has developed into the largest embarkation camp  in the world. Confronted with problems of extraordinary magnitude  in supervising the reception, entertainment, and departure of the  large numbers of officers and soldiers passing through this camp, he  has solved all with conspicuous success, performing services of the  highest character for the American Expeditionary Forces. 

 

Brig. Gen. Butler returned to the United States in command of the Fifth  Brigade, on the SIBONEY, arriving at Hampton Roads, Va., on August 8, 1919. 

 

Maj. William C. Wise was brigade adjutant from the date the brigade was  organized to September 25, 1918; Maj. Charles D. Barrett relieved Maj. Wise  and acted as adjutant until he went to the Fourth Brigade to relieve Lieut.  Col. Ellis; Maj. Calvin B. Matthews B. Matthews was brigade adjutant from July  11, 1919, to the date the brigade was demobilized.

 

The Eleventh Regiment.

 

Col. George Van Orden commanded the Eleventh Regiment during its entire existence.

 

The Eleventh Regiment was split up, its several units being spread all over France. Units of this regiment performed duty at various times at the following places: Brest, Tours, Montierchaume (Indre), Havre, Gievres (Loire-et-Cher), Marseilles, Toulon (B-du-Rhone), Miramas (B-du-Rhone), Issoudun (Indre), La Pallice, La Rochelle (Charante Inferieur), Mehun (Cher), St. Aignan-Noyers, Romorantin (Loire-et-Cher), Marans, Nevers, Aigrefeuille, Barmant, Somme, Chateauroux (Indre), Camp Covington (Camp Carret) near Marseilles, Paris (Headquarters Detachment, American Peace Commission).

 

The officers and men performed duties of various kinds, among such being: Post commanders, post and assistant post adjutants, personnel adjutants, regulating officers, assistant to the depot engineer, receiving officers, entertainment officers, assistant post chaplain, police officers, prison officers, camp guards, dock guards, commanding officers of troops, police sergeants, inspectors of the guard, district fire marshals, post welfare officers, district athletic officers, assistant provost marshals, fire patrol officers, fire Marshals, transportation guard service, guard duty over prisoners, quartermaster property guard, interpreters, etc.

 

The Thirteenth Regiment.

 

Thirteenth Regiment at Quantico in 1918

 

Col. Smedley D. Butler commanded the Thirteenth Regiment from the date of its organization until November 19, 1918, on which date Lieut. Col. Douglas C. McDougal assumed command and remained its commanding officer until it was demobilized.

 

Like the Eleventh Regiment, the units of this regiment performed duty in the various posts in the Services of Supply, among such places being Brest, Bordeaux, St. Nazaire, La Rochelle, La Pallice, Rochefort, Montoir, Bassens (Gironde), Sursol (Gironde), Casino-de-Lilas (Bordeaux), La Teste (Gironde), Beau Desert (Gironde), Nantes, St. Sulpice (Gironde), Savenay, St. Loubes (Gironde), Lormont, Carbon Blanc, Grange Neuve, Genicart, Croix d'Hins, La Baule, Isle of Ste. Anne (Nantes), Pen Houet, Usine Brulee.

 

The officers and men performed duties of various kinds, among such being provost guard, hospital center guard, camp guards, railroad transportation officers, commanding dock guard, dock guard, unloading ships, erecting tents at Pontanezen Barracks, military police, warehouse guards, convoying of, railroad trains, special guards for shipments of commissary supplies, assistants to camp Commander at Pontanezen Camp, prison guards, assisting thousands of convalescent and sick soldiers who disembarked from the LEVIATHAN to get to Camp Pontanezen, inspector general's department, base section No. 1, stockade guard, traffic police, motor transportation convoy guard, dock guard secret service, segregation camp, and railway patrol.

 

The Fifth Brigade Machine-Gun Battalion.

 

Maj. Ernest A. Perkins commanded the Fifth Brigade Machine Gun Battalion from the date of its organization until November 4, 1918; Capt. Franklin A. Hart from that date until November 1918; and from November 12, 1918, to date of demobilization Maj. Allen H. Turnage was the commanding officer.

 

This battalion performed duty at Camp Pontanezen during its entire stay in France.

 

 

 

Chapter XVIII.

 

CASUALTIES.

 

During the period of the World War the Marine Corps personnel suffered casualties in actual battle in France with the American Expeditionary Forces (Second Division and Aviation); in Aviation while operating as part of the naval service in France; and in the West Indies in operations against the bandits of Santo Domingo.

 

Marine Corps Casualties.

 

Marine Corps deaths in the American Expeditionary Forces, as obtained from Marine Corps records on January 14, 1920, are divided as follows:

 

Character.	Officers.	Enlisted men.	Total.
Killed in action	45	1,420	1,465
Died of wounds received in action	30	961	991
Died of accident	3	24	27
Died of disease	14	255	269
Other causes	1	11	12
Total	93	2,671	2,764

 

The following is a summary of the casualties sustained by the Fourth Brigade of Marines from March 15 to November 11, 1918, as published in General Orders, No. 66, Second Division, American Expeditionary Forces, dated July 2, 1919:

 

(Summarised version of the original table - excludes wounded and gassed; officer and men totals are combined)

 

 

Sectors	Killed	Died of wounds	Missing	Total
	Officers and Men
Toulon sector (Verdun) Mar. 15-May 13, 1918	12	46	-	58
Aisne defensive and Chateau-Thierry sector, May 31-July 9	749	313	33	1095
Aisne-Marne offensive, July 18-25	166	109	66	341
Marbache sector, Aug. 9-22	1	1	-	2
St. Mihiel offensive, Sept. 12-16	60	86	11	157
Meuse-Argonne (Champagne) Oct. 1-10	329	163	31	523
Meuse-Argonne offensive, Nov. 1-11	198	60	20	278
Total	1515	778	161	2454

 

Aviation Casualties.

 

The following table shows the casualties sustained by the Marine Aviation forces between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918:

 

Character.	Officers.	Enlisted men.	Total.
Killed in action	2	-	2
Died of wounds received in action	1	-	1
Died of accident	6	6	12
Died of disease	1	25	26
Died of other causes	1		1
Wounded in action	2	3	5
Total	13	34	47

 

Total Marine Corps Deaths.

 

From April 6, 1917, to September 10, 1919, 131 officers and 3,489 enlisted men died, a total of 3,620 Marine Corps deaths from all causes.

 

Casualties In The Dominican Republic.

 

During the period between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, one officer was wounded in action, four enlisted men were killed in action, and thirteen wounded in action, in the Dominican Republic in operations against bandits.

 

Lost On The Cyclops.

 

Two Marines died when the CYCLOPS was lost at sea.

 

Collier USS Cyclops

 

Casualties of Naval Personnel.

 

Of the 60 naval medical officers, 12 naval dental officers, and 500 enlisted men of the Medical Corps of the Navy serving with the Marines in the American Expeditionary Force, 1 commissioned officer, and 12 enlisted men were killed; 8 commissioned officers and 101 enlisted men were wounded or gassed.

 

 

 

Chapter XIX.

 

CITATIONS OF MARINE ORGANIZATIONS - DAYS IN FRANCE -

ARTILLERY CAPTURED - PRISONERS CAPTURED - KILOMETERS

ADVANCED - DECORATIONS AWARDED.

 

Citations in French Army Orders.

 

The French Army recognized the splendid work of the Fifth and Sixth Regiments of Marines by citing them three times in Army orders for achievements in the Chateau-Thierry sector, the Aisne-Marne, and the Meuse-Argonne (Champagne). The Sixth Machine Gun Battalion was similarly cited for its work in the Chateau-Thierry sector and the Aisne-Marne, and the Fourth Brigade for its work in the Chateau-Thierry sector.

 

Information was received in January, 1920, that the War Department had accepted the award of the French fourragere in the colors of the ribbon of the Croix de Guerre for several Army organizations and the three units of the Fourth Brigade.

 

Prior to this date the only American organizations which had received permission to accept or wear the French fourragere were three sections of the ambulance service and one aero squadron, all of which were temporary organizations and have now been demobilized.

 

Days in France.

 

A Marine Corps unit arrived in France with the first expedition of American troops. From June 26, 1917, to November 11, 1918, Marines were in Europe with the American Expeditionary Forces a total of 504 days, of which 66 days were in active sectors and 71 in quiet sectors.

 

Artillery Captured by Second Division

 

The commanding general, Second Division, under date of December 30, 1918, reported to General Headquarters, American Expeditionary Forces, the following data with reference to artillery and machine guns captured:

 

Sector.	Heavy artillery.	Light artillery.	Trench mortars.	Machine guns.	Antitank guns.
Verdun
Chateau-Thierry		<1>	12	119
Soissons	9	66	2	200
Marbache sector
St. Mihiel	60	61		122
Blanc Mont	5	37	27	409	8
Meuse-Argonne		105 <2>	17	500
Total	74	269	58	1,350	8

 

<1> A small number of light artillery was captured but no count made.

<2> On account of the rapid advance, for a total of about 29 kilometers, during which time these guns, in position and along the roads, were overrun and left behind, it was impossible to make an accurate check of them and therefore the figures report guns both heavy and light. They were taken from reports of subordinate commanders made at the time. Rifles were not counted.

 

Prisoner's Captured

 

The Second Division captured 12,026 prisoners, which is 19.07 per cent of the total prisoners captured by the entire American Expeditionary Forces.

 

Kilometers Advanced

 

The Second Division advanced 60 kilometers against the enemy.

 

Decorations Awarded Marines.

 

The following number of decorations were awarded Marines during the war:

 

Medals of honor (Army)	5
Distinguished-service medals (Army)	8
Distinguished-service crosses (Army)	363
Distinguished-service order (British)	1
Croix de guerre (French)	1,237
Legion of honor (French)	19
Medaille militaire (French)	10
Belgian decorations	10
Chinese decorations	1
Italian decorations	9
Montenegrin decorations	4
Portuguese decorations	1
Total	1,668

 

The above number of Distinguished-service crosses (Army) awarded includes 42 awarded to Navy Medical Corps personnel, 2 to Y. M. C. A. personnel, and 2 to French officers serving with Marines.

 

The above number of Croix de guerre (French) awarded includes 82 awarded to Navy Medical Corps and Navy Dental Corps personnel, and 3 to Navy Chaplains serving with Marines.

 

One Navy Chaplain was awarded a Legion of Honor (French), but this is not included in the above.

 

 

 

Chapter XX.

 

RIFLE PRACTICE - RIFLE AND PISTOL COMPETITIONS.

 

Rifle Practice.

 

In recent years the Marine Corps has devoted a great deal of time and energy to rifle practice, believing that one of the first requirements of a soldier is to know how to shoot. During the period of the war target practice was given special attention, and in 1918 it was announced that no enlisted men would be sent overseas who had not qualified as marksman or better. This announcement created even greater interest than before in target practice among the enlisted personnel and gratifying results were obtained on all rifle ranges. Marines that arrived in France were educated riflemen, but despite that fact rifle ranges of some character were established and used in every spot of France and Germany where the Marines remained long enough to make it feasible and practicable to do so.

 

The percentage of marksmanship qualifications of the enlisted personnel of the Marine Corps on various dates, in the American Expeditionary Forces and in the United States was as follows:

 

Date and place.	Percentage.
Entire Marine Corps, Apr. 6, 1917	48.0
Marines of American Expeditionary Forces, Nov. 11, 1915	68.1
Entire Marine Corps, Nov. 30, 1915	67.1
Entire Marine Corps, Mar. 1, 1919	66.0
Marines of American Expeditionary Forces, July 1, 1919	81.6

 

 

The number of marksmanship qualifications of the last six years in the Marine Corps was as follows:

 

Classification	1914	1915	1916	1917	1918	1919
Expert rifleman	596	853	1,287	1,709	6,019	7,851
Sharpshooter	2,749	2,536	1,984	2,373	8,933	10,642
Marksmen	757	1,471	2,594	6,011	14,526	21,918
Total qualified	4,102	4,890	5,865	10,003	29,778	40,411
Percentage	41.5	49.3	59.1	37.9	67.0	82.8

 

Rifle And Pistol Competitions.

 

During the period of the war the Marine Corps rifle teams, teams representing Marine Corps units, and teams partly composed of Marines, engaged in seven important competitions.

 

(a) The National Rifle Association and the national matches held at Camp Perry, Ohio, in 1918. Marines won the following National Rifle Association matches: Members' match, 300-yard rapid-fire match, Wimbleton cup match, Marine Corps match, President's match, and the grand aggregate; and took second place in the Leech cup match and the 200-yard rapid-fire match. Of the national matches, Marines won the national team match and United States Service match; took sixth, ninth, eleventh, twelfth, twenty-sixth, thirtieth, sixty-seventh, sixty-eighth, sixty-ninth, and seventy-first places in the national individual match; took second place in the national individual pistol match; and three Marines were among the first hundred of the individual pistol match in which there were 942 shooters entered.

 

(b) The National Rifle Association and the national matches held at Caldwell, N. J., in 1919. The members of the 1919 Marine Corps rifle team squad made a splendid showing in the rifle matches, outclassing their military and civilian competitors in almost every match held. The Marines won 13 matches out of the 16 in which they were entered; civilian riflemen took 2 events; and the Cavalry 1. Marines won the following matches: Company team, enlisted men's team, member's, Marine Corps cup, rapid fire, regimental team, veteran team, two-man team, President's, grand aggregate, national individual, United Service, and the national team. Four Marines were on the American Expeditionary Forces team, which took second Place.

 

(c) The twenty-sixth annual Sea Girt interstate tournament held at Sea Girt N. J. in 1919. The Marines won 14 of the 18 matches in which they were entered, winning the following matches: Hayes, Meany, Spencer, two-man team (New Jersey), Wingate, Libbey, all-comers expert, Cruikshank trophy, Rogers trophy, Sadler trophy, Dryden trophy, McAlpin trophy, Rogers all-comers long range, and Sea Girt championship.

 

(d) The American Expeditionary Forces rifle, pistol, and musketry competition, held on the d'Avours range at Le Mans, France, in May, 1919. The first three places in the individual rifle competition were won by Marines; a Marine won the individual pistol match; the Fifth Regiment of Marines stood first in the regimental standing, followed by the Thirteenth, Sixth, and Eleventh Regiments in seventh, eighth, and eleventh places in the order mentioned; a Marine won first place in the individual automatic rifle competition. The Second Division led all other divisions.

 

(e) The Inter-Allied championships held on the d'Avours range at Le Mans, France, in July, 1919. The American Expeditionary Forces team, on which were four Marines, defeated all nations. A Marine took second place in the individual rifle match.

 

(f) Third Army championship (Amaroc shoot) held on the rifle range at Wehr, Germany, under the auspices of the Third Division in June, 1919. The Marines and the Second Division won most of the honor in this competition.

 

(g) A special Inter-Allied rifle competition for five-men teams on a 300-meter range near Paris, France. France won and America was second. Two Marines were on the American team.

 

 

 

Chapter XXI.

 

AVIATION.

 

Strength and Distribution.

 

On April 6, 1917, the Marine section of naval aviation consisting of five officers and 30 enlisted men, was stationed at the naval air station, Pensacola, Fla., as part of the complement of that station.

 

During April, May and June, 1917, the Marine aviation section was transferred to a combination land and water station for Marine fliers at the navy yard, Philadelphia, Pa., and the training of personnel for land flying began. The official designation of this organization was the Marine Aeronautic Company. Training in observation balloons was done in addition to the heavier-than-air-work.

 

On October 12, 1917, this Marine Aeronautic Company, then consisting of 34 officers and 330 enlisted men, was divided into the First Aviation Squadron, consisting of 24 officers and 237 enlisted men, and the First Marine Aeronautic Company, consisting of 10 officers and 93 enlisted men.

 

On October 14, 1917, the First Marine Aeronautic Company was transferred to Cape May, N. J., and took over the naval air station at that place.

 

On December 7, 1917, the First Marine Aeronautic Company, then consisting of 12 officers and 133 enlisted men, was ordered to Naval Base 13, Ponta Delgada, Azores, arriving there on January 21, 1918. This company was the first completely equipped American aviation unit to leave the United States for service in the war. This organization operated an antisubmarine patrol station of 10 R-6 seaplanes, 2 N-9 seaplanes, and later 6 HS-2-L flying boats until the station was ordered abandoned on January 24, 1919, when it was ordered to return to the United States, arriving at the Marine flying field, Miami, Fla., March 15, 1919. Maj. Francis T. Evans was in command from January 9 to July 18, 1918, and Maj. David L. S. Brewster from July 19, 1918, to January 20, 1919.

 

On October 17, 1917, the First Aviation Squadron was transferred from the Marine flying field, navy yard, Philadelphia, Pa., to the Army training field at Mineola, Long Island, where instruction and training were carried on in land flying. On December 31, 1917, this organization was transferred to Gerstner Field, Lake Charles, La., for advanced training.

 

In March, 1918, the Marine flying field, Miami, Fla., was established and on March 31, 1918, the First Aviation Squadron was transferred to that field from Lake Charles, La.

 

Four Marine squadrons of land-fighting planes and a headquarters company were organized to operate under the Navy as the Day Wing of the Northern Bombing Group, in northern France, which operated in the Dunkirk area against German submarines and their bases at Ostend, Zeebrugge, and Bruges.

 

On July 13, 1918, the first Marine aviation force, consisting of Squadrons A, B, C, and Headquarters Company, left Miami, Fla., and embarked on board the De Kalb at New York City for France, July 18, 1918. This organization consisted of 107 officers and 654 enlisted men, and when Squadron D joined in October, 1918, it consisted of 149 officers and 842 enlisted men. On July 30, 1918, the Day Wing disembarked at Brest, France, and proceeded to its aerodromes between Calais and Dunkirk, where they established camp and prepared the aerodromes for use. The personnel of the Day Wing was completely organized and ready for service two weeks after their arrival in France. Part of the planes and equipment of this organization arrived at Pauillac, France, before the organization reached France on July 30, 1918. On September 28, 1918, one plane was delivered to the Marine Day Wing. On October 5, 1918, Squadron D of the Day Wing, consisting of 42 officers and 188 enlisted men, arrived at Le Franc aerodrome, completing the four squadrons of the Day Wing. During the month of October additional planes were delivered to the Day Wing.

 

In order to prevent the personnel, who were completely trained and ready for action when they reached the front, August 2, 1918, from getting badly out of practice, the commanding officer, Day Wing, requested permission from the British aviation forces in the vicinity to be allowed to assign certain Marine pilots to operate with their squadrons until the Marine planes were delivered. As many Marine pilots as could be accommodated were operating with British squadrons until the end of the war, and were highly complimented by the British officers. The Day Wing, carried out 14 independent raids far behind the enemy lines, did considerable damage, and brought back valuable information. The organization participated actively and creditably in both offensives on the Flanders front. It was learned after the armistice that one raid resulted in the death of 60 enemy officers and 300 enlisted men. A feat worthy of mention was performed by Marine Corps pilots. A French regiment was cut off by the enemy near Stadenburg. It was decided to attempt to feed them by aeroplane. Marine Corps pilots loaded up with food and flew low over this isolated regiment and successfully dropped 2,600 pounds of food to them in the face of heavy fire from artillery, machine guns, and rifles. This process was continued for two days until the regiment was extricate. The number of enemy planes brought down by Marine pilots, bombs dropped, food dropped, and other facts of a statistical nature are given elsewhere. Three pilots were killed or died of wounds received in action, two of them being shot down over the enemy's lines.

 

Maj. Alfred A. Cunningham commanded the Day Wing from the date of its organization to December 7, 1918, except the period August 1 to 7, 1918, during which time Maj. Roy D. Geiger was in command.

 

While in Europe the Marine fliers served with Squadrons 213 (pursuit squadron), 217, and 218 (bombing squadrons), Royal Flying Corps of England; and with pursuit, observation, and bombing squad rolls of the French Flying Corps.

 

In February, 1918, the Marine aviation section of 8 officers and 40 enlisted men was organized and stationed at the naval air station, Miami, Fla. The personnel of this section was later increased and served at that station throughout the war, taking over the deep-sea scouting of that station. Capt. Thomas R. Shearer was in command during the entire time.

 

 

 

Strength at Beginning and End of War.

 

The strength of Marine aviation on April 6, 1917, and on November 11, 1918 was as follows:

 

APRIL 6, 1917.

 

Commissioned officers	4
Warrant officer	1
Enlisted men	30
Total	35

 

NOVEMBER 11, 1918

 

Commissioned officers	250
Warrant officers	32
Enlisted men	2,180
Total	2,462

 

 

Stations.

 

The following are the stations at which Marine aviators operated, showing whether they operated independently, with the Navy, or with the Army:

 

Independently.	Navy.	Army.
Marine flying field, Miami, Fla.	Marine section naval air station, Miami, Fla	Roosevelt Field, Mineola, Long Island
Balloon Company, Marine Barracks, Quantico, Va.	Day Wing, Northern Bombing Group, France.	Gerstner Field, Lake Charles, La.
Naval Base No. 13, Azores.	Naval air station, Pensacola, Fla.	Army balloon schools at St.Louis, Mo., and Omaha, Nebr.
Marine flying field, Philadelphia, Pa.
Naval air station, Cape May, N.J.

 

 

Planes Operated By Marines.

 

The number of planes operated by Marine aviators at Pensacola, Fla., on April 6, 1917, was four, and the type, AH Curtiss.

 

On November 11, 1918, the following planes were operated by the personnel of Marine Aviation:

 

Marine flying field, Miami, Fla.:
De Haviland 4's, Curtiss JN's, Thomas-Morse scouts, and M-1 defense planes	118
Naval air station, Miami, Fla.:
HS-1-L, and HS-2-L flying boats (below), and R-6 Curtiss seaplanes	24
Balloon Company, Quantico, Va.:
N-9 and R-6 seaplanes	3
Caquot and kite balloons	4
Naval base No. 13, Azores:
R-G and N-9 seaplanes and HS-2-L, and HS-1-L flying boats	18
Northern Bombing Group, France:
De Haviland 4's and 9's	177

 

Curtis HS2 seaplane

 

At other times the following planes were operated by Marine pilots:

 

At Philadelphia, Pa.:
Curtiss JN's	6
Curtiss R-6's	2
Curtiss N-9's	2
At Roosevelt field, Mineola, Long Island:
Army land planes	12
At Gerstner field, Lake Charles, La.:
Army land planes	12
At Cape May naval air station:
R-6 and N-9 seaplanes	8
Total planes operated by Marine pilots	386

 

 

Training of Officers and Enlisted Men.

 

During the war the Marine Corps selected and trained its own flyers and mechanics, and had its own aviation field and equipment. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass., enlisted Marines selected as promising flying material and given the rank of gunnery sergeant, took a 10 weeks' course in groundwork, and about 80 men a month were graduated. After ground graduation they did their actual flying at the Marine flying field, Miami, Fla. This course embraced preliminary, acrobatic, and formation flying, bombing, gunnery, and reconnaissance work, including photographing. Upon qualifying they were commissioned as second lieutenants in the Marine Corp Reserve Flying Corps. Marine flying candidates were all enlisted Marines, of superior physique, weighing from 135 to 165 pounds, and with at least two years' college or university study to their credit. The age limits were 19 to 39 years. Marine Corps mechanics, riggers, and armorers were trained at the Marine Corps section of the naval school for mechanics, Great Lakes Training Station, Chicago, Ill., the course covering eight weeks, and at a similar school in aviation mechanics at San Diego, Calif.

 

In December, 1917, 2 Marine officers and 10 enlisted men were sent to the Army balloon school at St., Louis, Mo., and later to Omaha, Nebr., for training.

 

Aviation Statistics.

 

Marine squadrons overseas in France	5
Total officers in France	165
Total enlisted men in France	895
Marine officers serving with Army Air Service, American Expeditionary Forces	6
Overseas, outside of France: Naval Paso No. 13, Ponta Delgada, Azores.	1 squadron, 12 officers, 135 enlisted men
Officers completely trained ready for overseas aviation duty in the United States on Nov. 11, 1918	100
Enlisted men completely trained ready for overseas aviation duty in the United States on Nov. 11, 1918	1,150
Number of squadrons and companies in United States (Nov. 11, 1918)	3
Total officers in United States on Nov. 11, 1918	100
Total enlisted men in United States Nov. 11, 1918	1,150
Total number of cadets under training (at all times)	225
Cadets completely trained (in all three branches) as bombers, chasse pilots, and seaplane fliers, total commissioned from Oct. 1, 1918, to date	175
Raids participated in by Marine fliers serving with the British and French	43
Total number of bombing raids completely Marine	14
Total pounds of bombs dropped	2,000
Number of food raids	5
Pounds of food dropped	2,600
Number of enemy aircraft accounted for officially	12

 

Return of Marine Aviators from Europe.

 

Early in December, 1918, the Day Wing received orders to return to the United States, and embarked on December 6, 1918, on board the Mercury at St. Nazaire, France, arriving at Newport News, Va., December 21, 1918.

 

The First Marine Aeronautic Company returned from the Azores in March, 1919, arriving at the Marine flying field, Miami, Fla., on March 15, 1919.

 

 

 

Chapter XXII.

 

MARINE CORPS RESERVE.

 

On April 6, 1917, the strength of the Marine Corps Reserve, all classes, was 36; the enlisted strength of the Naval Militia, Marine Corps Branch, of the various States, was 928.

 

On April 1, 1917, the Naval Militia, Marine Corps Branch, attained its highest strength, 1,046. There was no recruiting for the Naval Militia, Marine Corps Branch, after April 1, 1917, and in consequence, the enlisted personnel of that branch showed a steady decrease subsequent to that date, owing to discharges and rejections.

 

On July 1, 1918, the Naval Militia Marine Corps Branch, then the National Naval Volunteers, Marine Corps Branch, consolidated with the Marine Corps Reserve in pursuance with the provisions of an act of Congress, approved July 1, 1918, and in consequence thereof became members of class 2, Marine Corps Reserve.

 

On November 16, 1918, the Marine Corps Reserve attained its highest strength, 6,773.

 

Strength on November 1, 1918.

 

The following table shows strength of Marine Corps Reserve on active duty on November 11, 1918:

 

Majors	7
Captains	33
First lieutenants	63
Second lieutenants	360
Total commissioned officers	463
Marine gunners	27
Quartermaster clerks	2
Pay clerks	4
Total warrant officers	33
Enlisted men	6,483
Female reservists	277
Total enlisted personnel	6,760

 

 

Strength of the Marine Corps Reserve.

 

	Total men, all active.	Total men, in-active.	Women, active.	Women, inactive.	Total.
1917.
Apr.1	35				35
May.1	421				424
June.1	885				885
July.1	1,996				1,096
Aug.1	1,167				1,167
Sep.1	1,186				1,186
Oct.1	1,210				1,210
Nov.1	1,202				1,202
Dec.1	1,341				1,341
1918.
Jan.1	1,531				1,531
Feb.1	2,514				2,514
Mar.1	4,106				4,106
Apr.1	4,745				4,745
May.1	4,780				4,780
June.1	4,950				4,950
July.1	5,211				5,211
Aug.1	6,378				6,378
Sep.1	6,453			31	6,484
Oct.1	6,402			145	6,547
Nov.1	6,467			240	6,707
Dec.1	6,440		42	269	6,751
1919.
Jan.1	5,820	588	260		6,668
Feb.1	5,022	1,301	255		6,578
Mar.1	4,392	1,010	246		6,548
Apr.1	3,555	2,684	234		6,473
May.1	3,064	3,041	220		6,334
June.1	2,871	3,179	238		6,288
July.1	2,410	3,502	226		6,138
Aug.1	2,185	3,694		201	6,081

 

 

 

 

Chapter XXIII.

 

RETURN OF MARINES FROM EUROPE - PARADES IN THE UNITED

STATES.

 

Return of Second Division and Fourth Brigade.

 

A great many Marines were returned from Europe gradually and in small detachments from the date the armistice became operative.

 

The commanding general of the Second Division and his staff, headquarters of the Fourth Brigade, the Fifth Regiment, and the Second Battalion of the Sixth Regiment arrived in the United States early in August 1919, on board the GEORGE WASHINGTON on August 3, 1919; the remainder of the Sixth Regiment arrived in the United States early in August, 1919, on board the RINJDAM and the WILHELMINA; the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion arrived in the United States on board the SANTA PAULA on August 5, 1914).

 

Return of the Fifth Brigade.

 

The Fifth Brigade Headquarters, the Thirteenth Regiment (less Company B), and the Fifth Brigade Machine Gun Battalion arrived in the United States on board the SIBONEY on August 8, 1919. Company B of the Thirteenth Regiment arrived on the MERCURY on August 12, 1919. The Eleventh Regiment arrived in the United States on board the ORIZABA on August 9, 1919.

 

All the above Marine organizations and individuals were returned to the naval service soon after arrival in the United States.

 

Composite Regiment, Third Army.

 

The company of Marines and battalion commander (major) and staff, forming a part of the Composite Regiment, Third Army, returned to the United States on board the LEVIATHAN on September 8, 1919, and were returned to the naval service in September, 1919.

 

The colonel commanding the Composite Regiment in a letter dated September 21, 1919, commended the battalion commander and staff the commanding officer of the company, and "the lieutenants for their loyalty and attention to details, and noncommissioned officers and men for their soldierly appearance, high standard of morale, and discipline," concluding with these words:

 

The Composite Regiment paraded as escort to the general of the Army, in London, Paris, New York, and Washington, D. C. The regiment has been favorably commended. This is entirely due to the loyalty, energy, and attention to duty of the officers and individual soldiers in the regiment; and in this the Marine Corps representatives deserve a large share.

 

Schleswig-Holstein Battalion.

 

With the return of the above Marine organizations, all Marines of the American Expeditionary Forces were out of Europe with the exception of a few individuals and the Fifteenth Separate Battalion, consisting of 26 officers and about 700 enlisted men, which was retained for duty in France for possible operations in connection with the Schleswig-Holstein plebiscite.

 

This battalion, under command of Maj. Charles F. B. Price, was organized at Pontanezen Cain, Brest, in July, 1919, from personnel of the Fourth and Fifth Brigades and the Twelfth Separate Battalion. The battalion designation was changed on August 15 from "Provisional Battalion, U. S. Marines," to the "Fifteenth Separate Battalion."

 

The Battalion rendered honors to Gen. Pershing on September 1, 1919, upon his departure from France at Brest and on the same day was inspected by Marshal Foch, who commended the Battalion on its splendid appearance.

 

Leaving Brest on the MERCURY, September 3, 1919, the Battalion six days later arrived at Bordeaux to take part in the ceremony of laying a foundation for a monument commemorating the entrance of the United States into the World War, at Pointe de Grave, near Bordeaux, France. It then returned to Brest and in December went on board the HENDERSON, then at that port. The HENDERSON, with the Battalion on board, sailed from Brest, arriving at Philadelphia on December 23, 1919, after a 16-day trip. On December 30, 1919, the battalion arrived at Quantico, Va.

 

Return of Aviation Units.

 

Information regarding the return of Marine Corps aviation units from Europe will be found in Chapter XXI.

 

Parades in the United States.

 

On August 8, 1919, the Fourth Brigade, as a part of the Second Division, paraded in New York City. Maj. Gen. John A. Lejeune, with many Marine officers on his staff, was in command.

On August 8, 1919, the Fourth Brigade of Marines was transferred to the naval service upon its arrival at Quantico, Va.

 

On August 12, 1919, the Fourth Brigade of Marines, then a part of the naval service, was reviewed by the President of the United States in a parade at Washington, D. C. Brig. Gen. Wendell C. Neville was in command.

 

A company of Marines and a battalion commander, as a part of the Third Army Composite Regiment, paraded in New York and in Washington, D. C., as escort to Gen. Pershing. The First Division also formed a part of these parades.

 

 

 

Chapter XXIV.

 

DEMOBILIZATION.

 

Immediately upon the armistice becoming operative on November 11, 1918, the question of demobilization became one of paramount importance. It was necessary that plans be at once put into effect providing for the release from service at the earliest possible date of duration-of-war men and reservists. While authority existed to hold such men for several months after the ratification of the peace treaty, the popular demand for the return and discharge of all who could be spared was only natural. Parents, relatives, and friends could see no necessity for the keeping of their loved ones in the service after actual fighting eased.

 

The problem before the Marine Corps was serious, as a wholesale reduction at that time would have seriously crippled its efficiency. Therefore, on November 20, 1918, in Marine Corps Orders No. 56, orders were issued to the service stating that it was the desire of headquarters to release those members of the Marine Corps Reserve and those men of the Regular Service, who enlisted for the duration of the war, who wished to complete their education, or who had urgent family and business interests demanding immediate and personal attention. Thus demobilization to a limited extent was begun nine days after the signing of the armistice.

 

On May 1, 1919, it became necessary, owing to the demands of the service and the reduction of the enlisted personnel, temporarily to limit the privilege of discharge to men whose release was necessary for urgent financial dependency reasons.

 

Following the approval of the act of July 11, 1919, which act provided sufficient funds to sustain the corps only at an average enlisted strength of 27,400 men, with corresponding officers, Marine Corps Orders No. 42, July 12, 1919, were published, establishing demobilization centers and promulgating detailed instructions for the complete demobilization. Under this plan duration-of-war men were discharged as rapidly as the exigencies of the service permitted. Those men who were serving in the Tropics who were eligible for discharge and desired their release were returned to the United States as rapidly as practicable, and orders were issued for their discharge and awaited them at the time of joining a Marine barracks, thus minimizing delay in allowing them to go home. By the latter part of December, 1919, practically all of the duration-of-war personnel had been discharged.

 

In August, 1919, the Fourth and Fifth Brigades of Marines, which had been serving with the Army in France, were returned to the Marine barracks, Quantico, Va., and the naval operating base, Hampton Roads, Va., respectively, at which places the demobilization of these two organizations was effected. This undertaking was by far the largest and most important of its kind that had ever confronted he Marine Corps, but due to the coordination of the various departments interested, and the far-reaching and clearly defined instructions issued in advance the demobilization of these units was effected in a remarkably short time, being completed on August 13, 1919, and in a manner bringing satisfaction to the men discharged, and reflecting to the credit of the corps. The success of these efforts is evidenced by the following statement of demobilization:

 Discharged or transferred to inactive status:

 Fourth Brigade, 6,677 enlisted men.

 Fifth Brigade, 6,671 enlisted men.

In addition to the enlisted men released there were also about two hundred officers of the two brigades who were either discharged or transferred to an inactive status. Due to the diligent cooperation of those concerned the demobilization was carried out with a degree of success far beyond expectations.

 

Marines are Welcomed Home by the Navy.

 

Acting Secretary Roosevelt August 11, 1919, sent to all ships and stations of the United States Navy the following special order:

 

The Fourth Brigade of the Marine Corps, consisting of the Fifth Regiment. Sixth Regiment, and the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion, and the Fifth Brigade of the Marine Corps, consisting of the Eleventh Regiment, Thirteenth Regiment, and Fifth Brigade Machine Gun Battalion, have returned from service in Europe and have reverted from the Army to their status in the United States Navy. At this time I wish, on behalf of the naval service, to welcome them back and express to the officers and men of these organizations the very deep appreciation of the Navy for their splendid services while with the Army during the war.

 

Beginning with the first expeditionary forces which left the United States in June, 1917, over 30,000 officers and men of the Marine Corps have been sent to France. The Fourth Brigade, as a part of the immortal Second Division, has been engaged in all of the principal operations of the war. Their record speaks for itself. The Fifth Brigade, going to France later, furnished many splendidly trained replacements for the Fourth Brigade and performed arduous tasks according to tradition.

 

The entire Navy welcomes them home.

 

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT,

Acting Secretary of the Navy.

 

 

The Secretary of War Praises the Fourth Brigade.

 

WAR DEPARTMENT, August 12, 1919.

 

Hon JOSEPHUS DANIELS,

Secretary of the Navy.

 

MY DEAR MR. SECRETARY:

In the process of demobilization, the Marine Brigade, which by the President's order became a part of the American Expeditionary Forces and was thus a part of the forces under the control of the War Department and under the command of Gen. Pershing, has now been returned to this country, detached from the Army, and restored to the control of the Navy Department.

 

I can not permit this heroic force to terminate its association with the Army without expressing to you, and through you to the officers and men of the Marine Corps, the deep sentiment of the War Department and of the Army toward it. The whole history of the Brigade in France is one of conspicuous service; when it was finally incorporated into the Second Division of the American Army it had early an opportunity to give a heroic demonstration of the unconquerable tenacity and dauntless courage of American soldiers. From then on in successive, almost continuous, battles the Marine Brigade and the division of which it was a part fought sternly and successfully until victory was obtained for the Allied Armies. Throughout this long contest the Marines, both by their valor and their tragic losses, heroically sustained, added an imperishable chapter to the history of America's participation in the World War.

 

On behalf of the Army I congratulate the Navy Department, the Major General commanding the Marines, those who have been instrumental in the formation and training of this splendid organization, and the offices and men of the organization itself.

 

Cordially, yours.

NEWTON D. BAKER.

 

 

 

In reply Acting Secretary Roosevelt said:

 

NAVY DEPARTMENT, August 13, 1919.

 

Hon. NEWTON D. BAKER,

Secretary of War, Washington, D. C.

 

DEAR MR. SECRETARY:

Your very cordial letter and the tribute it bore to the Fourth Brigade of Marines was received with pleasure and deepest appreciation. The heroism of the Marines and the Regulars in the famous Second Division, and their sacrifices, have endeared them to all Americans, and it is with very pardonable bride that we welcome them back to the Navy.

 

The spirit of cordial cooperation between the Army an the Navy was never Better manifested than in the participation of these Marines in the great battles in France under the command of Gen. Pershing as a part of the United States Army and shoulder to shoulder with units of the Regular Army. It is with extreme gratification that we can look back upon this unbroken cooperation between our two departments that started at the time the first Navy ship carried troops to France and continued uninterruptedly through to the end.

 

On behalf of Secretary Daniels, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the officers and men of that organization. I wish to thank you for the sentiments expressed in your letter and convey to you our appreciation of the heroism of the officers and men of the Army who with the Marines made the Second Division one of the greatest fighting organizations the world has ever known.

 

It is very gratifying in our pride over the achievements of the Marines, to know that that pride is shared by the War Department and your warm approbation of their conduct as a part of the Army will be treasured by the Corps as well as by the individuals.

 

Sincerely, yours,

 

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT,

Acting Secretary of the Navy.

 

 

 

Chapter XXV.

 

OFFICE OF THE MAJOR GENERAL COMMANDANT-ADJUTANT

AND INSPECTOR'S DEPARTMENT.

 

Maj. Gen. Commandant George Barnett was the Major General Commandant of the United States Marine Corps during the entire period of the World War. Originally appointed on February 25, 1914, he was reappointed on February 25, 1918, for a second term of four years.

 

On September 29, 1918, Maj. Gen. Commandant George Barnett, accompanied by Brig. Gen. Charles L. McCawley, sailed from New York on board the LEVIATHAN, arriving at Brest, France, October 7, 1918. The object of the visit of the Major General Commandant to France was an inspection of all the Marines serving with the American Expeditionary Forces, but he fell a victim to the influenza epidemic which prevented him from carrying out his plans. He departed from Paris, December 7, 1918, sailed from Brest, December 9, 1918, on board the LEVIATHAN, and arrived in the United States, December 16, 1918.

 

Brig. Gen. John A. Lejeune was the Assistant to the Major General Commandant from December 14, 1914 to September 26, 1917, when he was transferred to Quantico, Va., to command the Marine barracks. Brig. Gen. Charles G. Long relieved Brig. Gen. Lejeune and has acted as Assistant to the Major General Commandant from that date to the present.

 

Activities directly under the office of the Major General Commandant such as personnel, target practice, and aviation, were carried on efficiently during the war. The Planning section was established on December 24, 1918.

 

Brig. Gen. Charles H. Lauchheimer was the Adjutant and Inspector of the United States Marine Corps, with station at Headquarters, during the World War. He became seriously ill, was admitted to the hospital on July 10, 1919, where he died on January 14, 1920. Col. Henry C. Haines assumed the duties of Acting Adjutant and Inspector on August 3, 1919, and upon the death of Brigadier-General Lauhheimer was appointed the Adjutant and Inspector.

 

A great amount of additional work was caused by the large increases and by the war, but the personnel of the Adjutant and Inspector's Department performed their duties with efficient satisfaction.

 

 

 

 

Chapter XXVI.

 

PAYMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

 

Brig. Gen. George Richards was the Paymaster of the United States Marine Corps, stationed at Headquarters, during the entire period of the war.

 

Strength and Distribution.

 

The commissioned, warranted, appointed, and enlisted personnel of the paymaster's department, at the beginning of the war, consisted of:

 

Permanent commissioned paymasters	6
Officers of the grade of captain detailed for four years	3
Officers appointed as special disbursing agents under Revised Statutes 3614	4
Permanent pay clerks	9
Civil force	3
Enlisted men	51
Total force	76

 

The commissioned force of the paymaster's department reached maximum strength of 47 officers, including special disbursing agents, when the latest detail to the department from the line was made, and as then constituted, consisted of:

 

Permanently commissioned paymasters	5
Officers detailed from the prewar line	9
Temporary officers (eight former pay clerks and four temporary line officers)	12
Officers of the reserve force	16
Officers appointed as special disbursing agents	5
Permanent pay clerk	1
Temporary pay clerks	58
Pay clerks of the reserve force	6
Enlisted men	501
Total authorized force	613

 

How War Increases were Met.

 

The enlargement of the paymaster's department to meet war conditions at the beginning of the war, and until the enlisted strength was raised to 75,500, was effected in the following manner:

 

1. By the temporary appointment and advancement to the grade of captain, pursuant to act of May 22, 1919, of eight of the permanent pay clerks of the department.

 

2. By the temporary advancement of enlisted men of experience and long service under this department to the grade of pay clerk.

 

3. The new enlisted clerical personnel was partly obtained from enlisted men who had previously been employed as pay roll clerks at shore stations and aboard ships of the Navy, and from men enlisted and enrolled from civil life with clerical experience outside. The men obtained were detailed in the regularly established offices, and there formed into classes for instruction in their duties, the commissioned officers and senior clerks being used as instructors for this purpose. In addition to the above, and to the end of creating a proper spirit and morale, and bringing about a better understanding throughout the department of its aims and purposes, a series of lectures by the Paymaster and subordinate officers was delivered at headquarters, and afterwards published and distributed to the entire personnel of the department. Later on, in order to meet the further increased demand for clerical assistance, a school for the instruction of men in paymaster's department work was established at the Marine barracks, Parris Island, S. C. This was, however, in addition to the system of instruction previously instituted in the permanently established offices. The school was of considerable value in that it aided in the selection and assignment of men (recruits) with previous clerical experience to duty in the paymaster's department. The demand for clerks for both home and overseas service, however, was so great for some time before the close of the war, that it was not possible at any time to keep the men under instruction in the school or in the offices for sufficient length of time to complete the prescribed course that had been laid out for them. As a consequence, many men had to be sent out with but a meager idea of the duties they were to perform. The clerical forces of the permanent offices, therefore, finally became so drained of experienced clerks and stenographers taken away to supply the demand for expeditionary and overseas forces that it became necessary to enlist or enroll women to perform these duties.

 

Money Expended.

 

The amount of money expended for pay and allowances for each month from April, 1917, to December, 1918, follows:

 

Months.	Officers.	Enlisted men.	Total.
1917.
April	$143,698	357,398	501,094
May	176,742	413,019	589,702
June	201,977	566,677	767,655
July	220,884	989,495	1,210,379
August	280,038	1,196,082	1,476,120
September	269,160	1,137,790	1,406,950
October	332,859	1,244,965	1,577,825
November	378,458	1,266,138	1,644,597
December	350,098	1,353,510	1,703,609
1918.
January	328,517	1,322,724	1,651,242
February	337,407	1,441,099	1,778,506
March	369,298	1,321,933	1,691,231
April	373,395	1,313,210	1,686,606
May	378,551	1,815,309	2,193,861
June	385,042	1,856,344	2,241,387
July	441,838	2,124,134	2,565,972
August	515,273	2,436,318	2,951,592
September	572,721	2,322,089	2,894,811
October	522,905	2,503,312	3,026,307
November	648,615	2,597,542	3,246,158
December	597,142	2,545,932	3,143,075
Total	7,824,715	32,124,031	39,948,747

 

Additional Duties During War.

 

The duties of the paymaster's department during the war were greatly enlarged and made more complicated and difficult.

 

(1) By reason of the enactment of the war risk insurance act of October 6, 1917. The work connected with family allotments and war risk insurance created by this act was of such magnitude as to require the establishment of a separate administrative section under a commissioned officer to handle the voluminous correspondence, keep the records, and make proper audit of these items in the accounts involved. It was also found necessary in order to facilitate the work of this section, that a liaison group of clerks be kept in the War Risk Bureau.

 

(2) By reason of the taking over of the payment of all Marine Corps allotments, as the deputy of the Navy allotment officer.

 

(3) By reason of the necessity of having to pay many men on affidavits without proper records; service record books and other papers pertaining to their accounts having been lost or destroyed by operation of war or other accidental circumstances.

 

(4) By reason of the large number of wounded men, some of whom were scattered in various hospitals throughout France, and others of whom were returned to the United States without due notice to military authorities, and sent to both naval, military, and civil hospitals at widely scattered points throughout the States. In but a few of these cases were there any records on which full and accurate payments could be made. Hence a system of emergency, or casual payments, as they were called, was established both in France and in the United States. The absence of records in these cases was not the worst feature however, but the absence of any information whatever, as to the whereabouts of the men made it at first impossible to locate some of them and effect regular payments. However, after the first few months' experience with the handling of payments to the wounded, a system was devised by which most of those returning to the States were immediately reported and prompt payments were thereafter made. A similar system of emergency or casual payments to wounded men was adopted by the department in France, but wounded men in France were evacuated so frequently from one hospital to another, that no system of reporting was practicable. Each hospital there had to be visited in person by a paymaster at least once a month and such wounded Marines as were found, had to be paid on their own representations a sum sufficient to meet their immediate needs. Under such a system some necessarily went without pay for some time, while others more fortunate in meeting a paymaster at frequent intervals, received at times more money than was properly due them.

 

(5) By reason of the enactment of February 24, 1919, providing a gratuity of $60 to all persons in the military and naval forces of the United States, who were discharged under honorable conditions at any time subsequent to April 6, 1917. This law necessitated the establishment at headquarters of a claims section, whose sole duty was to settle the twenty or thirty thousand supplementary claims created by this act and the act of February 28, 1919, increasing the amount of travel allowance to 5 cents per mile to all enlisted men discharged subsequent to November 11, 1918.

 

New Pay Roll.

 

In addition to the above, it became necessary to adopt a new pay roll suitable for preparation on the typewriter and so arranged as to make it adaptable for use as a combination pay and muster roll, should this be deemed necessary. This roll was prescribed and put into use in the midst of the war without much confusion, and it is understood resulted in a saving of much clerical labor to the organization commanders.

 

Office of the Chief Paymaster, U. S. Marines, France.

 

In obedience to orders dated October 2, 1917, and in compliance with provisions of G. H. Q. General Orders No. 38(2), September 17, 1917, the "Office of the Chief Paymaster, U. S. Marines, France," was established in Paris, France, on October 5, 1917. Maj. Davis B. Wills was Chief Paymaster, U. S. Marines, France, from that date until the office was abolished in August, 1919.

 

 

 

Chapter XXVII.

 

QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT.

 

Brig. Gen. Charles L. McCawley, was the Quartermaster of the United States Marine Corps, with station at Headquarters, during the entire war. Brig. Gen. McCawley, in company with the Major General Commandant, sailed from the United States on board the LEVIATHAN September 29, 1818, arriving at Brest, France, October 7, 1918. After an extended visit to the Marines as an observer Brig. Gen. McCawley sailed from Brest on board the DE KALB December 9, 1918, arriving in the United States, December 16, 1918.

 

Upon the increase of the Marine Corps from 17,400 to 30,900 and later to 75,500, it became necessary to increase the commissioned, warrant, and enlisted personnel of the quartermaster's department, in order that it might successfully meet the heavy demands made upon it by the war and by the large increase in strength.

 

The increase in the commissioned personnel was made largely by the promotion of experienced quartermaster clerks and quartermaster sergeants to commissioned rank, and the vacancies in the grade of quartermaster sergeant were filled, as far as possible, from selected enlisted men.

 

Later a school for the instruction of quartermaster sergeants was organized at Marine barracks, Norfolk, and three classes were graduated therefrom.

 

It was necessary to make large increases in the personnel at headquarters to handle the question of supply, transportation, construction, and finance. The table below shows the strength in the office of the quartermaster on January 1, 1917, and June 30, 1918:

 

Grade.	Jan. 1, 1917.	June 30, 1918.
Commissioned officers	4	9
Warrant officers	-	12
Special assistant	-	1
Technical engineer	-	1
Clerical force:
Civilians	10	8
Enlisted (regular)	43	53
Enrolled (reservists)	-	111
Total	57	195

 

Additional Storehouses and Cooperation with Government Agencies.

 

Due to changes in the method of purchasing rations, caused by existing conditions, it became necessary to establish commissary storehouses at San Francisco, Charleston, and Baltimore, at which to maintain reserve supply stores. The Baltimore storehouse was later moved to Philadelphia. At the beginning of the war the Marine Corps had in its depots at Philadelphia, Pa., and San Francisco, Calif., a small surplus stock, which had been accumulated from the regular appropriations, sufficient to outfit 8,500 men; consequently when the war was declared against Germany and the corps was increased, first to 1,323 officers and 30,000 men (act May 22, 1917), and secondly to 3,341 officers and 75,500 men (act July 1, 1918), it was necessary to provide simultaneously clothing, equipage, food, and shelter for these men. The question of shelter is discussed in the following pages. In connection with the purchase of these supplies it must be remembered that the Army, Navy, and Allies were in the market for similar articles, and in order to determine supply and allocate demands the President first appointed a Council of National Defense, which was later superseded by the War Industries Board. The quartermaster's department had representatives in daily attendance at the various meetings of the committees of the Council of National Defense, and later the War Industries Board. All of the above-mentioned supplies, as far as practicable, were purchased in the usual manner, by the bid and tender plan, only those articles on which no bids were received or those controlled by the War Industries Board being allocated.

 

There was installed in the office of the quartermaster a "follow-up" system, where record was made of all orders, contracts, purchase orders, and requests for transfer of supplies from other departments. The function of this section was to see that the supplies were delivered in accordance with contract obligations and trace delinquent deliveries. The section has proven its value, and satisfactory deliveries have been obtained, with few exceptions. From these records the quartermaster has available at all times the status of all outstanding orders as well as a concise record of completed contracts.

 

Cantonments.

 

To furnish accommodations for the increased personnel, cantonments on a large scale were built at Quantico, Va.. and Parris Island, S. C., and on a smaller scale at Mare Island, Calif. This work was expeditiously handled and afforded suitable temporary accommodations during the war.

 

Depot of Supplies, Philadelphia, Pa.

 

During the period of the war the depot outfitted and equipped 36 expeditionary units for service in France and the West Indies, and over 31,000,000 pounds of various kinds of supplies were shipped on Government bills of lading. The depot departments were so organized that it was only necessary to expand each division of the office forces and increase the number of employees and machines in the manufacturing departments in order to meet the increased demands during the war. The personnel of the depot on June 30, 1919, was as follows: Thirteen commissioned officers, 7 warrant officers, 2 civilians, 102 enlisted men of the regular service, 21 reservists, and 1,095 other employees of all classes, making a total personnel of 1,240.

 

Depot of Supplies, San Francisco, Calif.

 

The activities of this depot were increased during the war by the greater number of recruits to be outfitted on the west coast, and by the establishment of the subsistence branch of the depot at San Francisco. This depot has supplied all posts on the west coast, and furnished the supplies for the troops in the Orient.

 

Depot of Supplies, Charleston, S. C.

 

This depot was established soon after the declaration of war for the purpose of supplying all posts south of Norfolk, including the West Indies. The storage facilities consist of 7 warehouses and a total floor space of 124,778 square feet. A total of about 14,287 tons of stores were shipped from this depot during the fiscal year 1919, these stores being valued at approximately $12,000,000; during the same period approximately 18,000 tons of stores were received, at an estimated value of $15,000,000. Practically all shipments of supplies of every description for troops in the West Indies are made from this depot.

 

Expenditures.

 

The expenditures of the quartermaster's department for the fiscal years ending June 30ths, 1917, 1918, and 1919, were as shown below, exclusive of appropriations for public works, under the Navy Department, from which figures the enormous increase in the activities and responsibilities of this department, caused by the war and by the increase in strength, is evident:

 

Subhead.	1917	1918	1919
Provisions	$1,612,908	$6,725,893	$10,287,965
Clothing	2,173,501	11,123,760	20,275,456
Fuel	248,606	590,120	989,573
Military stores	1,520,289	6,371,978	13,952,476
Camps of instruction	31,871	30,945	-
Transportation and recruiting	620,667	1,514,657	3,064,099
Repairs of barracks	216,715	3,754,241	5,883,065
Forage	75,018	161,614	163,132
Commutation of quarters	164,497	402,402	363,484
Contingent	983,984	4,864,825	8,674,269
Expenditures under appropriation "Reserve supplies, U.S.M.C."	-	-	2,510,527
Purchases under second deficiency act from United States Arms	-	-	772,540
Total maintenance quartermasters' department U. S. M. C.	7,648,061	35,540,440	66,936,590

 

 

 

---

 

 

Appendix I

 

Total Marine Corps Deaths During The Period of the First World War

 

Original Belleau Wood Cemetery

 

Character	Officers	Enlisted Men	Total
Killed in action	45	1409	1454
Died of wounds received in action	33	974	1007
Died of disease	25	676	269
Died of other causes	15	107	122
GRAND TOTAL	118	3166	3284

 

Note: Revised casualty statistics above reflect recomputations following the period during which research for the monograph was completed.

 

 

see also

CASUALTIES of the UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS 1917- 1921, by Name and by Date

 

Click here for a Chronology based on Major McLellan's publication

 

 

---

 

 

 

INDEX.

 

(Ship's names in CAPITALS)

 

 A.

 

Actual strength of Marine Corps

Adjutant and Inspector's Department

Advanced Base Force

Aerodromes

Aero Squadrons

AGAMEMNON

Age limits, Marine aviators

Aigrefeuille, France

Aisne defensive

Aisne River

Aisne-Marne offensive

ALABAMA

Albany

Allotments

Amaroc Shoot

Ambrose Lightship

AMERICA

American embarkation center, Le Mans, France

American Commander in Chief

American Peace Commission, Paris, France

Amiens, France

Annapolis, Md

Antitank guns

Antweiler

Archangel, Russia

Argonne-Meuse (Meuse-Argonne). (See Meuse-Argonne)

ARIZONA

ARKANSAS

Arlon

Arnes, valley of the, France

Armistice signed

Army of occupation (Third Army)

Armentieres, France

Artillery captured by Second Division

Asiatic Fleet

Astoria, Oreg

Attigny-Voncq, Aisne River region

Atlanta, Ga

Athens, Greece

Atlantic Fleet

Austria

Automatic rifle competitions

Automatic Rifle School, Overseas Depot

Aviation

Azores

 

 B.

 

Baker, Newton D., Secretary of War

Bakers; Cooks and Bakers School, Parris Island, S. C

Balloons

Bandits

Band School, Parris Island, S.C

Bands, silver, for colors

Bantry Bay, Ireland

Barmant, France

Barnett, George, Maj. Gen., Commandant

Barracks, repairs of, expenditures

Barrett, Charles D., Maj

Base Detachment, Fifth Regiment

Base, naval

 No. 13, Azores

 No. 29, Cardiff, Wales

Bassens (Gironde), France

Battleships

Battleship Force

Battleship Force One

Battleship Force Two

Bayonet School, Overseas Depot

Bayonville-et-Chennery, France

Bearss, Hiram I., Col

Beaufort, S. C

Beau Desert (Gironde), France

Beaumont, France

Beaurepaire Farm, France

Belgium

Belleau Woods (see also Bois de Belleau), France

Bellefontaine, France

Belmar, N. J

Belval-Bois-des-Dames, France

Belval Forest, France

Berg

Blanc Mont Ridge, France

Bois de Belleau (see also Belleau Wood), France

Bois de Belval, France

Bois de Hazois, France

Bois de la Brigade de Marine, France

Bois de la Folie, France

Bois de Retz, France

Bolinas, Calif

Bolsheviki

Bombs

Bombing School, Overseas Depot

Bordeaux, France

Boston, Mass

Bou-des-Bois, France

Bouresches, France

Bourmont (Haute-Marne), France

Bourmont Training Area, France

Bouvron, France

Bouy, France

Bradman, Frederic L. Col

Brest, France

Breuvannes, France

Brewster, David L. S., Maj

Bridge heads:

 Chateau-Thierry, France

 Coblentz, Germany. (See Army Occupation; Third Army.)

 Meuse River

British. (See also England.)

 Aviation Forces

 Distinguished Service Order

 Forces

 Grand Fleet

Brooklyn

Budesheim

Bulgars

Bundy, Omar, Maj. Gen., United States Army

Burgbrohl

Butler, Smedley D., Brig. Gen

 

 C.

 

Calais, France

Caldwell, N. J

Cambria, France

Camp Cabaud, France

Camp Carret (Camp Covington), near Marseilles, France

Camp Covington (Camp Carret)

Camp Perry, Ohio

Camp Pontanezen, France. (See Pontanezen Camp.)

Camps of instruction, expenditures

Canadian officers

Cantigny, France

Cantonments

Cape Cod, Mass

Cape Haitien, Haiti

Cape May, N.J

Cape May, N. J., naval air station

Carbon Blanc, Franc

Cardiff, Wales

Casino-de-Lilas (Bordeaux), France

CASTINE

Castletown Berehaven, Bantry Bay, Ireland

Casual payments

Casualties

Catlin, Albertus W., Col (brigadier general)

Cavite, Philippine Islands

Chalons-sur-Marne, France

Champagne

Champagne-Marne defensive

Chaudenay, France

Chaplains of the Navy

CHARLESTON

Charleston, S. C

Charleston, W. Va., navy ordnance plant

Chatham, Mass

Chateau-Thierry sector,

 France

Chateauroux, France

Chemin-des-Dames, France

Chesapeake Bay

Chief Paymaster, United States Marines, France

China

Chollas Heights, Calif

Christiana, Norway

CINCINNATI

Citations by French Army

Civil War

Claims Section Paymaster's Department

Clerical School, Parris Island, S. C

Clothing, expenditures

Coblentz, Germany. (See Bridgeheads, Coblentz.)

Cole, Edward B., Maj

Cole, Eli K., Brig. Gen

COLUMBIA

Commander in Chief American Expeditionary Forces. Forces. (See

 American Commander in Chief.)

Commercial Telegraph & Cable Co., Boston, Mass

Company clerks

Commissary storehouses

Commutation of quarters

Composite Regiment, Third Army

CONNECTICUT

CONSTELLATION

Contingent expenditures

Convoying railroad trains

Convoying troops across Atlantic

Cooks

Cooks and Bakers School, Parris Island, S. C

Copenhagen, Denmark

Cornell University

Council of National Defense

Croix de Guerre (French)

Croix d'Hins, France

Cruiser Force

Cuba

Cunningham, Alfred A., Maj

Curtis, Md

Cutts, Richard M., Col

CYCLOPS

Czech-Slovaks

 

 D.

 

d'Avours range at Le Mans, France

Damblain, France

Dampierre, France

Daniels, Josephus, Secretary of the Navy

Days in France; Fourth Brigade

Day Wing, Northern Bombing Group, France

Deaths

Decorations

Degoutte, General

DE KALB

DELAWARE

Demobilization

Denmark

Dental Corps, Navy

DENVER

Depots of supplies:

 Charleston, S. C

 Philadelphia, Pa

 San Francisco, Calif

DES MOINES

Dieulouard, France

Distinguished service crosses (American)

Distinguished service medals (American)

Distinguished service order (British)

Division 6, Atlantic Fleet

Division 7, Atlantic Fleet

Division 8, Atlantic Fleet

Division 9, Atlantic Fleet

Divisions, American Expeditionary Forces:

 First Division. (See First Division.)

 Second Division. (See Second Division.)

 Third Division. (See Third Division.)

 Fourth Division. (See Fourth Division.)

 Sixth Division. (See Sixth Division.)

 Twenty-sixth Division. (See Twenty-sixth Division.)

 Thirty-second Division. (See Thirty-second Division.)

 Thirty-fifth Division. (See Thirty-fifth Division.)

 Forty-first Division. (See Forty-first Division.)

 Ninetieth Division. (See Ninetieth Division.)

 Ninety-second Division. (See Ninety-second Division.)

Division machine gun officer

DOLPHIN

Dominican Republic

Dover, N. J

Doyen, Charles A., Brig. Gen

Dunkirk, France

Dunlap, Robert H., Col

Duration-of-war enlisted men

 

 E.

 

East San Pedro, Calif

Edinburgh, Scotland

Eighth Infantry Brigade

Eighth Separate Battalion

El Cayay, Porto Rico

Eleventh Regiment

Eleventh Separate Battalion

Ellis, Earl H., Lieut. Col

Emergency payment

England (See also British)

Enlistments

Enlisted Staff School, Overseas Depot

Enrollments in the reserve

Epidemic of influenza. (See Influenza.)

Eppeldorf

Escorts

Essen Hook (Blanc Mont), France

Eureka, Calif

Evans, Francis T., Maj

Exermont, France

Expenditures

 

 F.

 

Fallones Islands, Calif

Feland, Logan, Col. (Brigadier General)

Female reservists

Field Musics School, Parris Island, S. C

Fifteenth Field Artillery

Fifteenth Separate Battalion

Fifth Corps

Fifth Brigade of Marines

Fifth Brigade Machine Gun Battalion

Fifth Machine Gun Battalion

Fifth Regiment of Marines

Fifth Regiment Base Detachment

Fifth Separate Battalion

Fifty-first Infantry Brigade

Finances

First Army

First Aviation Squadron

First Battalion, Eleventh Regiment

First Battalion, Fifth Regiment

First Battalion, Sixth Regiment

First Casual Replacement Battalion

First Corps

First Depot Division

First Division, American Expeditionary

 Forces

First Field Signal Battalion

First Machine Gun Replacement Battalion

First Marine Aeronautic Company

First Marine Aviation Force

First Regiment of Marines

First Replacement Battalion

First Replacement Depot

First Separate Machine Gun Battalion

Firth of Forth, Scotland

Flanders, Belgium

Florida

Florida Straits

Flying Corps

 France

 United States. (See Aviation.)

Foch, Marshal

Forage, expenditures

Forty-first Division, American Expeditionary Forces

Forty-second Division, American Expeditionary Forces

Fort Crockett, Galveston, Tex

Fort Lafayette

Fort Lyons, Colo

Fort Mifflin, Pa

Fosse, France

Fossoy, France

Fourragere, France

Fourth Brigade:

 Casualties

 Composition of

 Demobilization

 First Division, element of

 Formed

 Operations

 Organizations composing

 Organization perfected

 Organized

 P. C.'s. (See P. C.'s of Fourth Brigade.)

 Sailed (Fifth Regiment) for France

 Strength

 Returned to United States

 Training

Fourth Division, American Expeditionary Forces

Fourth French Army

Fourth Infantry Brigade

Fourth Machine Gun Battalion

Fourth Separate Battalion

Forwarding Camp, Le Mans, France

FREDERICK

French:

 Decorations

 Flying Corps

 Officers serving with Marines

Freya Stellung

Fryer, Eli T., Col

Fuel, expenditures

 

 G.

 

GALVESTON

Galveston, Tex

Gamborg-Andresen, Carl, Col

Gas

Geiger, Roy D., Maj

Gendarmerie, Haitian

Genicart, France

Geographical location of Marines

GEORGE WASHINGTON

GEORGIA

Georgia School of Technology

Germainvilliers, France

Germany

German High Seas Fleet

Gerstner Field, Lake Charles, La

Gievres (Loire-et-Cher), France

Gisors-Chaumont-en-Vixen, France

Gleaves, Albert, Rear Admiral

Gondrecourt training area

 

Gouraud, Gen

Grand Bois de Saint Souplet, France

Grand Fleet, British

Grange Neuve, France

Gratuity of $60

Great Lakes, Ill

Greece

Greenbury, Md

Guam

Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

Guardia Nacional Dominicana

 

 H.

 

Haines, Henry C., Col.,

Haiti

Hampton Roads, Va

HANCOCK

Harbord, James G., Maj. Gen., United States Army

Hart, Franklin A., Capt

Harvard University

Hatenfels, Germany

Haute-Marne, France

HAVANA

Havre, France

Hawaiian Island

Headquarters Companies:

 Fifth Regiment

 Sixth Regiment

Headquarters Detachment, Paris, France

Headquarters of Fourth Brigade (See P. C.'s of Fourths Brigade)

Headquarters, Washington, D. C

HELENA

HENDERSON

Herschblach, Germany

Hill 142

Hindenburg Line

Hingham, Mass

Historical Division, Marine Corps

Holland

Honnigen

Hospitals, France; paying men in

Hoyt, Leon W., Maj

Huey, James McE., Lieut. Col

HUNTINGTON

 

 I.

 

IDAHO

Influenza

Indian Head, Md

Inductions

Inglewood, Calif

Inor, France

Inspector General's Department

Inter-allied rifle championships, Le Mans, France

Interpreters

Iona Island, N. Y

Ireland

Isle of Ste. Anne (Nantes), France

Issonge Farmhouse, France

Issoudun, France

Italy

 

 J.

 

Japan

Jassy, Roumania

Jaulny, France

 

 

 K.

 

KANSAS

Key West, Fla

Killed in action

Kilometers advanced

Kingman, Matthew W., Maj

Knight, Austin M., Rear Admiral

 

 L.

 

La Baule, France

La Loge Farmhouse, France

La Pallice, France

La Playa, Calif

La Rochelle, France

La Teste (Gironde), France

La Veuve, France

Lake Charles, La

Lake Denmark, N. J

Landres-et-St. Georges, France

Lansdowne, Pa., camp of instruction bayonet team

Lauchheimer, Charles H., Brig. Gen

Lay, Harry R., Lieut. Col

Lee, Harry, Col

Le Franc aerodromes, France

Le Mans, France

Leffincourt, France

Legion of Honor (French)

Lejeune, John A., Maj. Gen

Leland Stanford Junior University

Lents, Oreg

Les Islettes, France

Letanne, France

Letters designating companies

LEVIATHAN

Line of Communications

Lironville, France

Little, Louis McC., Col

London, England

Long, Charles G., Brig. Gen

Lormont, France

Lorraine, France

Lost and destroyed records

LOUISIANA

Lugol, G., mayor of Meaux, France

Luxembourg

Lynnhaven Roads, Chesapeake Bay

Lys, Ypres-Lys offensive

 

 M.

 

MACHIAS

Machine guns captured

Machine Gun Company (8th), Fifth Regiment

Machine Gun Company (73d), Sixth Regiment

Machine Gun School, Overseas Depot

Machine Gun School, Utica, N. Y

Machine-gun training

Madrid, Spain

Maintenance of Quartermaster's Department, cost of

Major General, Commandant

Major, Harlan E., Capt

Major offensives, German

Major operations, American

Managua, Nicaragua

Manonville, France

Marans, France

Marbache sector, France

Marconi Wireless Co., Boston, Mass

Mare Island, Calif

Margut

Marine Aeronautic Co

Marine Aviation Section, Miami, Fla

Marine Corps Reserve

Marine Corps Reserve Flying Corps

Marne, River, salient, Valley

Married men, rejections of

Marseilles, France

Marshall, Calif

Marshfield, Oreg

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Massif de Notre-Dame-des-Champs, France

Massif du Blanc Mont

Matthews, Calvin B., Maj

MAURETANIA

MAYFLOWER

McCawley, Charles L., Brig. Gen

McClellan, Edwin N., Maj

McDougal, Douglas C., Lieut. Col

McGill, John F., Col

Meaux, France

Medaille Militaire (French)

Medals of honor (American)

Medeah Ferme, France

Medical Corps of the Navy

Mehun, France

Menaucourt, France

MERCURY

Mess sergeants

Metz

Meuse-Argonne

Meuse-Argonne (Champagne)

Meuse River

Mexico

Miami, Fla

MICHIGAN

Military colleges, graduates of

Military police

Military stores

Mineola, Long Island

Mines

Mine craters

Miners and Sappers School, Overseas Depot

MINNESOTA

Minors, rejection of

Miramas, France

Missing

MISSISSIPPI

Mobilization Bureau

Money expended

Mont Pelier, France

MONTANA

Montdidier, France

Montierchaume (Indre), France

Montoir, France

Montreuil-aux-Lions, France

Monts, France

Monument commemorating entrance of United States in World War

Morale of the Allies

Moroccan Division

Moscou (P. C.), France

Moselle River

Mouzon, France

Myers, John T., Col. (Brigadier General)

Murman Coast, Russia

 

 N.

 

 

Naix, France

Nancy, France

Nantes, France

Nanteuil-le-Haudouin, France

Nanteuil-sur-Marne, France

National Naval Volunteers, Marine Corps Branch

Naval air station, Cape May, N. J

Naval ammunition depots

Naval district base, New London, Conn

Naval experimental station, New London, Conn

Naval headquarters, Paris, France

Naval hospitals

Naval Militia, Marine Corps Branch

Naval prisons

Navy allotment officer

Navy Department

Navy distinguished service medal

Navy welcomes Marines home

NEBRASKA

Negro stevedores

Neuenahr

Neuerburgh

NEVADA

Nevers, France

Neville, Wendell C., Brig. Gen

New Brunswick, N. J

Newfoundland

NEW HAMPSHIRE

NEW JERSEY

New London, Conn

NEW MEXICO

NEW ORLEANS

New pay roll

Newport News, Va

Newport, R. I

New York, N. Y

Ninth French Army Corps

Ninth Infantry

Ninth Separate Battalion

Ninetieth Division, American Expeditionary Forces

Ninety-second Division, American Expeditionary Forces

Nicaragua

Nieder Bieber, Germany

Noncommissioned Officers School, Parris Island, S. C

Norfolk, Va

NORTH CAROLINA

NORTH DAKOTA

North Head, Wash

North Island, Calif

Norway

Northern Bombing Group

Notre-Dames-des Champs, France

Noyers, St. Aignan-Noyers, France

Noyon-Montdidier drive, France

 

 O.

 

Observation squadrons

Observers

Office of the Chief Paymaster, United States Marines, France

Office of the Judge Advocate General

Office of the Major General Commandant

Officers

Officer in charge, Historical Division, Marine Corps

Officers' school, Overseas Depot

Officers' training camps

 

Oil supply of Allies

Oise-Aisne offensive

OKLAHOMA

Olongapo, Philippine Islands

OLYMPIA

One hundred and second Regiment of Infantry

Operations

Operations in general

ORIZABA

Orkney Islands

Orleans, Mass., French Cable Co

Ostend, Belgium

Osterhout, George H., Capt

Otter Cliffs, Me

Overseas Depot, Marine Barracks, Quantico, Va

 

 P.

 

P. C.'s of Fourth Brigade.

Pacific Fleet

Palestine

Paoli, Pa., signal battalion

Paris, France

Paris-Metz Highway, France

Parris Island, S. C

Pauillac, France

Pay for personnel, expenditures

Pay roll, new

Pay School, Parris Island, S. C

Paymaster, Chief, United States Marines, France

Paymasters clerks, United States Marine Corps

Paymaster's Department

Peace memorandum No. 1

Peace treaty

Pearl Harbor, Hawaiian Island

Peking, China

Pen Houet, France

PENNSYLVANIA

Pensacola, Fla

Pentland Firth

Perkins, Ernest A., Maj

Pershing, John J., Gen

Petain, Marshal

Petrograd, Russia

Philadelphia, Pa

Philippine Islands

Pistol matches

PITTSBURGH

Plan directeur

Planning section

Plebiscite

POCAHONTAS

Point Arguello, Calif

Point Isabel, Tex

Pointe de Grave, France

Police sergeants

Pont St. Vincent, France

Ponta Delgada, Azores

Pont-a-Mousson, France

Pontanezen Camp, Brest, France

Port au Prince, Haiti

Portland, Me

Portland, England

Porto Rico

Portsmouth, N. H

Portuguese decorations

Pouilly, France

PRAIRIE

President of the United States

Price, Charles F. B., Maj

PRINTZ EITEL FREDRICH

Prison:

 Guards

 Naval prisons

 Officers

Prisoners

Provisions, expenditures

Provost guards

Provost marshals

Provost Marshal General

Prum

Public works

PUEBLO

Puget Sound, Wash

Purchases under second deficiency act, from United States Army

 

 Q.

 

Quarters, commutation of; expenditures

Quartermaster's Department

Quantico, Va

 

 R.

 

Radio, Va

Radio School, Parris Island, S. C

Radio stations, etc

Rations, expenditures

Records, lost and destroyed

Recruit depots:

 Mare Island, Calif

 Norfolk, Va

 Parris Island, S. C

 Philadelphia, Pa

 Rejections of applicants at

 Training at

Recruiting statistics

Recruiting and transportation, expenditures

Rejections of applicants for enlistment

Remenauville, France

Repairs of barracks, expenditures

Replacements

Reserve, Flying Corps

Reserve, Marine Corps

"Reserve supplies, U. S. M. C.," expenditures

Retired officers, warrant officers, and enlisted men

Return of Marines from Europe

Rheims, France

Rheims Massif, France

Rheinbrohl

Rhine River Patrol

RHODE ISLAND

Richards, George, Brig. Gen

Rifles captured

Rifle competitions and practice

RINJDAM

Rochefort, France

Rockport, Mass., Postal Telegraph & Cable Co

Rome, Italy

Romorantin (Loire-et-Cher), France

Roosevelt Field, Mineola, L. I

Roosevelt, Franklin D., Assistant Secretary of the Navy

Rosyth, Scotland

Royal Flying Corps of England

 

Russia

Russian Island, Siberia

Rye Beach, Me

 

 S.

 

St. Aignan-Noyers, France

St. Etienne, France

St. Juliens Creek, Va

St. Loubes, France

ST. LOUIS

St. Mihiel offensive

St. Nazaire, France

St. Quentin, France

St. Sulpice (Gironde), France

Samoa

SAN DIEGO

San Diego, Calif

San Francisco, Calif

San Juan, Porto Rico

SANTA PAULA

Santiago, Dominican Republic

Santo Domingo

Sappers

Sarry, France

Savenay, France

Sayville, N. Y

Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands

Scarponne, France

Schleswig-Holstein Battalion

Schools, United States Marine Corps;

 Armorers

 Army balloon

 Army candidates

 Automatic rifle

 Bakers

 Band

 Bayonet

 Bombing

 Clerical

 Company clerks

 Cooks

 Enlisted staff

 Field musics

 Gas

 Machine gun

 Mess sergeants

 Miners

 Noncommissioned officers

 Officers

 Overseas depot

 Pay school

 Quartermaster sergeants

 Radio

 Scout snipers

 Signaling

Scout snipers school, Overseas Depot

Sea duty

Sea Girt, N.J

SEATTLE

Second ammunition train

Second Battalion, Fifth Regiment

Second Battalion, Sixth Regiment

Second Battalion, Eleventh Regiment

Second Casual Replacement Battalion

Second Division, American Expeditionary Forces

Second Engineers

Second Engineer Train

Second Field Artillery Brigade

Second Headquarters Train and Military Police

Second Machine Gun Battalion

Second Replacement Battalion

Second Sanitary Train

Second Separate Machine Gun Battalion

Second Supply Train

Second Trench Mortar Battery

Secretary of the Navy

Secretary of War

Selective service law

Services of Supply

Seventeenth Field Artillery

Seventh Regiment of Marines

Seventh Separate Battalion

Seventy-third Machine Gun Company

Shearer, Thomas R., Capt

Siberia

Sibert, W. L., Maj. Gen., United States Army

SIBONEY

Signal Battalion, Paoli, Pa

Signal School

Signal School, Parris Island, S. C

Silver bands for colors

Sixth Battle Squadron, British Grand Fleet

Sixth Division, American Expeditionary

Sixth Division, Atlantic Fleet

Sixth French Army

Sixth Machine Gun Battalion of Marines

Sixth Regiment of Marines

Sixth Separate Battalion

Sixty-fourth Infantry Brigade

Slovaks

Smith, Holland M., Maj

Snyder, Harold C., Col

Soissons, France

Somme, France

Somme-Py, France

Sommerance, France

Souain, France

Souain-Suippe area, France

SOUTH CAROLINA

SOUTH DAKOTA

Spain

Spanish War

Special Assistant, Quartermaster's Department

Special disbursing agents

Stadenburg

Staff School

States, enlistments by

States, Naval Militia, Marine Corps Branch

Statutory strength of Marine Corps. (See Strength of Marine Corps.)

Stevedores

Stockholm, Sweden

Stores, military; expenditures

Storehouses

Strength of Marine Corps

Students Army Training Corps

Suarce sector, France

Submarines

Suippes, France

Suippes River, France

Suippes-Somme Suippes-Nantivet area, France

Summary of operations

Supplies, expenditures

Supply Company of Fifth Regiment

 

Supply Company of Sixth Regiment

Surrender of the German High Seas Fleet

Sursol (Gironde), France

Swiss border

 

 T.

 

Taillefontaine, France

Target practice

Tatoosh, Wash

Taylor, Charles B., Lieut. Col

Tebbs, Richard H., Maj

Technical engineer, Quartermaster's Department

TENEDORES

Tenth Separate Battalion

TEXAS

The Hague, Holland

Thiaucourt, France

Third Army (Army of Occupation)

Third Battalion, Eleventh Regiment

Third Battalion, Fifth Regiment

Third Battalion, Sixth Regiment

Third Corps

Third Division, American Expeditionary Forces

Third Infantry Brigade

Third Machine Gun Battalion

Third Replacement Battalion

Third Separate Battalion

Third Separate Machine Gun Battalion

Thirteenth Regiment of Marines

Thirty-fifth Division, American Expeditionary Forces

Thirty-second Division, American Expeditionary Forces

Tiburon, Calif

Tigny, France

Toul, France

Toulon, France

Toulon (P. C. of Fourth Brigade), France

Toulon sector, France

Tours, France

Traffic police

Training of enlisted men

Training of officers

Transportation and recruiting, expenditures

Travel allowance of 5 cents a mile to discharged men

Treaty of peace

Trench mortars

Tuckerton, N. J

Turnage, Allen H., Maj

Twelfth Company of Marines

Twelfth Field Artillery

Twelfth Replacement Battalion

Twelfth Separate Battalion

Twenty-eighth Division

Twenty-sixth Company

Twenty-sixth Division, American Expeditionary Forces

Twenty-third Infantry

 

 U.

 

U-boats (see also Submarines)

University of--

 Kansas

 Minnesota

 North Carolina

 Texas

 Washington

 Wisconsin

Usine Brulee, France

Usseldange

 

UTAH

Utica, N.Y

 

 V.

 

Vadenay-Bouy-la-Veuve-Dampierre area, France

Van Orden, George, Col

Vaux, France

Vaux-en-Dieulet, France

Velaine-en-Haye, France

Verdun, France

VERMONT

Venault-les-Dames, France

Vierzy, France

Virgin Islands

VIRGINIA

Virginia Military Institute

Vitry-le-Francois, France

Villers-les-Nancy, France

Vivieres, France

Vladivostok, Siberia

VON STEUBEN

Voncq, France

Vulte, Nelson P., Maj

 

 W.

 

Wakefield, Mass

Wales

Waller, Littleton W. T., Jr. Maj

Wars:

 Civil

 Germany, declared against

 Spanish

War Industries Board

War Risk Bureau

Warehouses

Washington, D. C

Waxweiler

Wehr, Germany

Wellfleet, Mass

West Indies

Weymouth, England

Western Union Co., Boston, Mass

Wiesbaum

WILHELMINA

Wills, Davis B., Maj

WILMINGTON

Winthrop, Md

Wirgman, Harold C., Maj

Wise, Frederic M., Col

Wise, William C., Maj

Wissahickon Barracks, N. J

Women, Female reservists

Wounded

WYOMING

 

 X.

 

Xammes, France

 

 Y.

 

Yale University

Yokohama, Japan

YORKTOWN

Yorktown, Va

 

Young Men's Christian Association

Ypres-Lys offensive

 

 Z.

 

Zeebruge, Belgium

return to Part 1
or World War 1, 1914-1918

revised 15/11/12