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NAVAL OPERATIONS, Volume 5 (Part 4 of 4), Appendices (ii) 


by Henry Newbolt


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One of the many casualties - Lt Cdr Geoffrey White, HM S/M E.14 lost 28 Jan 1918, awarded posthumous VC (Digger History, click to enlarge)

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APPENDICES

(continued)

 

 

Appendix C ‑ Submarine Warfare in the Mediterranean

I

 

February 1917-November 1918.

II

 

Otranto Barrage: April-August 1918.

III

 

Otranto Barrage Force: May-September 1918

 

Appendix D ‑ Naval Armistice

I



Germany - Text of conditions as first drafted by the Allied Naval Council.

II

 


ditto – As finally approved by the Supreme War Council

III

(a)


Turkey – As prepared by the War Office and Admiralty, October 7, 1918


(b)


ditto – As sent to Admiral Calthorpe, October 22, 1918


(c)


ditto – As signed, October 30, 1918

 

Appendix E ‑ Submarine Warfare in Home Waters

 

Appendix F ‑ Expansion of the Fleet

 

Appendix G ‑ Losses of British and Allied Warships and Auxiliaries

 

Appendix H ‑ Losses of Enemy Warships and Auxiliaries

 

Appendix I ‑ Numbers Borne in H.M. Fleet on Specified Dates

 

Appendix J ‑ Number of Officers and Men that Served During the War

 

Appendix K ‑ Statement of Casualties



 

 

 

APPENDIX C

 

SUBMARINE WARFARE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN.

 

 

I

 

February 1917-November 1918.

II

 

Otranto Barrage: April-August 1918.

III

 

Otranto Barrage Force: May-September 1918

 

 

Appendix C.I

 

February 1917-September 1918

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Submarine cruising

days (approx.).

 

Total

number of

escorted

sailings.

 

Number of Ships.

Sunk + Damaged

 

 

Tons of shipping sunk and damaged.

Average number of

enemy submarines

based on:

Pola + Constantinople

Submarines sunk or lost to

the enemy.

 

Remarks on lost submarines

(Uboat.net confirmation or otherwise)

1917  

February

110

-

50

101,291

24 + 3

-

-

March

140

-

36 + 3

82,798

26 + 3

-

-

April

290

-

94 + 4

234,170

25 + 3

-

-

May

260

-

81

146,747

26 + 3

1

UC.24 (Pola), 24th, sunk by French submarine off Cattaro, Adriatic. (confirmed)

June

290

-

94

133,770

27 + 3

-

-

July

238

-

46

84,866

28 + 3

-

-

August

249

Records

63 + 7

128,939

27 + 3

-

-

September

225

were

47 + 3

81,862

29 + 3

-

-

October

295

not

59 + 2

142,519

32 + 4

-

-

November

270

kept

33 + 9

116,521

32 + 4

-

-

December

 

285

 

163

 

57 + 7

176,767

34 + 4

1

UC.38 (Pola), 14th, sunk by French destroyers in Ionian Sea, Eastern Med. (confirmed)

1918

 

January

275

 

1231

54 + 7

148,444

33 + 4

2

UB.69, 9th, sunk between Sardinia and Sicily by H.M.S. Cyclamen (confirmed).

UB.66, 18th, sunk off Sicily by H.M.S. Campanula. (Uboat.net lists her as missing in Eastern Med. after the 17th)

February

 

265

 

1444

36 + 11

131,435

33 + 4

1

U.23 (Austrian), 21st, sunk by Italian T. B. Airone, Otranto Straits. (confirmed)

March

286

2160

65 + 9

158,093

33 + 3

-

-

April

 

324

1891

38 + 9

121,561

34 + 3

1

UB.71, 21st, sunk west of Gibraltar by M.L. 413. (confirmed)

May

 

378

 

2066

65 + 12

173,172

34 + 3

5

UB.70, 8th, sunk south of the Balearic Islands by H.M.S. Basilisk and U.S.S. Lydonia. (Uboat.net – sailed from Germany 16 April, last contact E of Gibraltar 5 May, vanished)

U.32, 8th, sunk south of Sicily by H.M.S. Wallflower. (confirmed)

UC.35, 16th, sunk west of Sardinia by French Ailly. (confirmed)

UB.52, 23rd, sunk south of Cattaro by H.4. (confirmed)

U.39, 18th, damaged by French seaplanes and interned at Cartagena. (confirmed)

June

 

281

 

2408

24 + 5

78,322

28 + 3

1

U.64, 17th, sunk between Sicily and Sardinia by H.M.S. Lychnis. (confirmed)

July

264

1977

36 + 7

97,014

29 + 3

-

-

August

 

283

 

2509

32 + 1

67,532

29 +3

1

UB.53, 3rd, in the Franco-Italian net barrage. Otranto Straits. (confirmed)

September

241

2070

35 + 6

56,757

30 + 2

-

-

October

 

Uncer­tain

 

1960

(apprx.)

19 +

Uncer­tain

28 + 3

11

UB.68, 4th, sunk by H.M.S. Snapdragon in Eastern Mediterranean. (confirmed)

10 submarines sunk by Germans on evacuating the Adriatic – Uboat.net: U.47, U.65. UB.48, UC.25, UC.53 at Pola on 28th, U.73, UC.34 at Pola on 30th; UC.54 at Trieste on 28th, UB.129 at Fiume on 31st. Also U.72 at Cattaro on 1 November.

November

 

-

-

-

-

-

1

U.34, 9th, sunk by H.M.S. Privet off Gibraltar. (Uboat.net - Sailed 18 October from Pola, never heard from again.)

 


Appendix C.II

 

SUBMARINE WARFARE ON THE OTRANTO BARRAGE

 

April-August 1918

 

 

No. of passages through Straits by enemy submarines

(approx.).

No. of times enemy submarines detected by barrage forces.

No. of times enemy submarines attacked by barrage forces.

Enemy submarines sunk by:

Mobile barrage forces.

Fixed barrage.

April

30

25

5

-

-

May

24

33

9

1

-

June

23

36

12

-

-

July

22

43

17

-

-

August

22

61

15

-

1

The number of passages through the Straits by enemy submarines during the two months previous to the institution of the mobile barrage was: during February, 20 passages, during March 26 passages.

 

 

Appendix C.III

 

OTRANTO BARRAGE FORCE

 

 

May 16, 1918.

June 15, 1918.

July 15, 1918.

Sept. 15, 1918.

Destroyers (British & French)

27

31

27 (no French)

31(no French)

Submarines (British & French)

15

15

12

8

Sloops (Kite Balloon)

1

4

4

6

Torpedo Boats

-

-

3

4

American Submarine Chasers

-

30

36

36

Hydrophone Trawlers

18

18

38

38

Trawlers

18

20

14

14

Drifters

102

109

107

101

Motor Launches

40

40

40

41

Yacht

1

1

1

1

 

 

 


 

 

APPENDIX D

 

NAVAL ARMISTICE

 

 

I

   

Germany - Text of conditions as first drafted by the Allied Naval Council.

II

 

 

ditto – As finally approved by the Supreme War Council

III

(a)

 

Turkey – As prepared by the War Office and Admiralty, October 7, 1918

 

(b)

 

ditto – As sent to Admiral Calthorpe, October 22, 1918

 

(c)

 

ditto – As signed, October 30, 1918

 

 

Appendix D.I

 

GERMANY

 

Text of the Naval Armistice Conditions first drafted by the Allied Naval Council

 

I - German Submarines to the number of 160 (including all Submarine-Cruisers and Minelaying Submarines), with their complete armament and equipment, are to be surren­dered to the Allied and the United States of America Govern­ments, in ports which, will be specified by them. All other Submarines are to be paid off and completely disarmed.

 

II. - All German Surface Warships (including Monitors and River Craft) are to return to German Naval Bases to be specified by the Allied and United States of America Govern­ments, and, with the exception of Vessels which are to be surrendered, they are to remain there during the Armistice.

 

The following Ships and Vessels of the German Fleet, with their complete armament and equipment, are to be surrendered to the Allied and United States of America Govern­ments, in ports which will be specified by them, namely:

 

Battleships

3rd Battle Squadron:

4th Battle Squadron:

Koenig

Friedrich der Grosse

Bayern

Koenig Albert

Grosser Kurfuerst

Kaiserin

Kronprinz Wilhelm

Prinzregent Luitpold.

Markgraf

Kaiser

Battle Cruisers

Hindenburg

Moltke

Derfflinger

Von der Tann

Seydlitz

Mackensen

Light Cruisers

Brummer - minelaying

Emden

Bremse - minelaying

Frankfurt

Koeln

Nuernberg

Dresden

Wiesbaden

Destroyers

Fifty of the most modern Destroyers.

 

All other Battleships, Cruisers and Destroyers are to be paid off immediately, and are only to retain on board nucleus crews, the numbers of which will be fixed by the Allied and United States of America Governments.

 

All Vessels of the Auxiliary Fleet (Trawlers, Motor Vessels, etc.) are to be disarmed.

 

III. - The crews of the Ships and Vessels surrendered, under Paragraphs I and II will be repatriated to Germany after surrender, if the surrender obligations have been faithfully carried out.

 

IV. - The Allied and United States of America Fleets and Ships and Vessels are to be given free access to and from the Baltic, and to secure this the Allied and United States of America Governments shall be empowered to occupy all German forts, fortifications, batteries, torpedo batteries and other defences of all kinds at all the entrances from the Cattegat into the Baltic, and further for that purpose the Associated Governments shall be empowered to sweep up all mines and obstructions of all kinds laid by Germany between the Danish and German coasts on the one side and the Norwegian and Swedish coasts on the other side, and also any mines or obstructions laid within the Baltic outside German territorial waters, and the positions of all such mines and obstructions are to be notified to the Associated Govern­ments by Germany, and appropriate plans of the positions are to be furnished.

 

V. - The existing Blockade conditions set up by the Associated Governments are to remain unchanged, and all German merchant ships found at sea are to remain liable to capture.

 

VI. - Otherwise than is provided in Paragraph IV, the position of all minefields or obstructions of any kind laid by Germany are to be indicated, with the exception of those laid in German territorial waters, and the Associated Govern­ments shall have the right, at their own convenience, to sweep up any German mines or obstructions outside German territorial waters during the continuance of the Armistice.

 

Germany shall also agree to waive all questions of neutrality in connection with any minesweeping or other warlike opera­tions in the Baltic or elsewhere which the Associated Govern­ments may arrange with Neutral Governments to carry out themselves or jointly with such Neutrals in Neutral territorial waters, and Germany shall so inform all Neutral Governments.

 

VII. All German Aircraft are to be concentrated in German Bases to be specified by the Allied and United States of America Governments, and are there to remain immobilised and stationary during the Armistice.

 

VIII. - All Black Sea ports are to be evacuated by Germany, and all merchant ships belonging to the Associated Governments in these ports seized or taken over by Germany are to be handed back to the Associated Governments at such ports as may be designated by them, and all neutral merchant ships seized are to be released. All warlike and other materials of all kinds seized in these ports, together with all German materials as specified in Paragraph IX in con­nection with Belgium, are to be handed, over to the Allied and United States of America Governments.

 

IX. - Germany shall, in evacuating the whole of the Belgian coasts, leave behind all merchant ships, tugs, lighters, cranes and all other harbour materials, all materials for inland navigation, all aircraft and air materials and stores, all arms and armaments, and all stores and apparatus of all kinds, all of which are to be abandoned by her.

 

X. - All merchant ships in German control belonging to the Associated Governments are to be restored in ports to be specified by them, without reciprocity on the part of the Associated Governments.

 

XI. - No destruction of the ships and materials specified in the preceding paragraphs is to be permitted before evacuation, surrender, or restoration.

 

XII. - All the above measures shall be executed by Germany in the shortest possible time, within the periods for each item which will be laid down before the Armistice is signed.

 

XIII. - German Naval prisoners shall be dealt with on similar lines to those laid down for Military prisoners, but in no case will prisoners who have formed part of the crews of German Submarines be released.

 

Note. - All vessels and property belonging to the enemy which under the terms of Armistice are to be surrendered or handed over are to be held in trust for final disposal at a Conference of the Allied and United States of America Representatives on the conclusion of the Armistice

 

 

 

Appendix D.II

 

Text of Naval Armistice Conditions finally approved by the Supreme War Council

 

(Clauses I-XIX relate to the military conditions. For the text of the armistice conditions as signed, see Cd. 9212 (1918). The only substantial difference between, the two texts is that the Germans were finally ordered to surrender "all existing submarines (including all submarine cruisers and minelayers),'' instead of the 160 submarines originally specified.)

 

XX. - Immediate cessation of all hostilities at sea and definite information to be given as to the location and move­ments of all German ships.

 

Notification to be given to neutrals that freedom of navi­gation in all territorial waters is given to the naval and mer­cantile marines of the Allied and Associated Powers, all questions of neutrality being waived.

 

XXI. - All naval and mercantile marine prisoners of war of the Allied and Associated Powers in German hands to be returned, without reciprocity.

 

XXII. - Surrender to the Allies and the United States of America of 160 German Submarines (including all Submarine Cruisers and Minelaying Submarines), with their complete armament and equipment, in ports which will be specified by the Allies and the United States of America. All other Sub­marines to be paid off and completely disarmed and placed under the supervision of the Allies and the United States of America.

 

XXIII. - The following German Surface Warships, which shall be designated by the Allies and the United States of America, shall forthwith be disarmed and thereafter interned in neutral ports or, failing them, Allied ports, to be designated by the Allies and the United States of America, and placed under the surveillance of the Allies and the United States of America, only caretakers being left on board, namely:

 

6 Battle Cruisers.

10 Battleships.

8 Light Cruisers, including 2 Minelayers.

50 Destroyers of the most modern types.

 

All other Surface Warships (including River Craft) are to be concentrated in German Naval Bases to be designated by the Allies and the United States of America, and are to be paid off and completely disarmed and placed under the supervision of the Allies and the United States of America. All vessels of the Auxiliary Fleet (Trawlers, Motor Vessels, etc.) are to be disarmed.

 

XXIV. - The Allies and the United States of America shall have the right to sweep up all minefields and obstructions laid by Germany outside German territorial waters, and the positions of these are to be indicated.

 

XXV. - Freedom of access to and from the Baltic to be given to the naval and mercantile marines of the Allied and Associated Powers. To secure this, the Allies and the United States of America shall be empowered to occupy all German forts, fortifications, batteries, and defence works of all kinds in all the entrances from the Cattegat into the Baltic, and to sweep up all mines and obstructions within and without German territorial waters without any questions of neutrality being raised, and the positions of all such mines and obstructions are to be indicated.

 

XXVI. - The existing Blockade conditions set up by the Allied and Associated Powers are to remain unchanged, and all German merchant ships found at sea are to remain liable to capture.

 

XXVII. - All Naval Aircraft are to be concentrated and immobilised in German Bases to be specified by the Allies and the United States of America.

 

XXVIII. - In evacuating the Belgian coasts and ports Germany shall abandon all merchant ships, tugs, lighters, cranes, and all other harbour materials, all materials for inland navigation, all aircraft and air materials and stores, all arms and armaments, and all stores and apparatus of all kinds.

 

XXIX. - All Black Sea ports are to be evacuated by Germany; all Russian warships of all descriptions seized by Germany in the Black Sea are to be handed over to the Allies and the United States of America; all neutral merchant ships seized are to be released; all warlike and other materials of all kinds seized in those ports are to be returned, and German materials, as specified in Clause XXVIII, are to be abandoned.

 

XXX. - All merchant ships in German hands belonging to the Allied and Associated Powers are to be restored in ports to be specified by the Allies and the United States of America, without reciprocity.

 

XXXI. - No destruction of ships or of materials to be permitted before evacuation, surrender, or restoration.

 

XXXII. - The German Government shall formally notify the Neutral Governments of the world, and particularly the Governments of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Holland, that all restrictions placed on the trading of their vessels with the Allied and Associated countries, whether by the German Government or by private German interests, and whether in return for specific concessions, such as the export of shipbuilding materials or not, are immediately cancelled.

 

XXXIII. - No transfers of German merchant shipping of any description to any Neutral flag are to take place after signature of the Armistice.

 

XXXIV. - The duration of the Armistice is to be thirty days, with option to extend. During this period, on failure of execution of any of the above clauses, the Armistice may be denounced by one of the contracting parties on forty-eight hours' previous notice.

 

XXXV. - This Armistice to be accepted or refused by Germany within seventy-two hours of notification.

 

 

 

Appendix D.III

 

TURKEY

 

(a) As prepared by the War Office and Admiralty, October 7, 1918.

 

1.  Free passage for all Allied ships through the Dardanelles, Marmora, and Bosporus and access to the Black Sea. Denial of these passages to the enemy. British occupation of Constantinople, of Dardanelles forts and defences on both sides of the Straits, and of Bosporus forts and defences on both European and British shores.

 

2. Free use by Allied ships of all ports and anchorages now in Turkish occupation, and denial of their use to the enemy.

 

3. Surrender of all war vessels in Turkish waters. These ships to be interned at such port or ports as may be directed.

 

4. All Turkish mercantile shipping to be administered by the Allies and to be available for hire as required.

 

5. Wireless telegraph and cable stations to be admin­istered by the Allies.

 

6. Positions of all minefields, torpedo tubes and other obstructions in Turkish waters to be indicated, and assistance given to sweep or remove them as may be required.

 

7. All available information as to mines in the Black Sea to be communicated.

 

8. Use of Constantinople as a Naval Base for the Allies, and use of all ship repair facilities at all Turkish ports and arsenals.

9.  Facilities to be given for the purchase of coal, oil fuel and naval material from Turkish sources.

 

10. British Control Officers to be placed on all railways, including such portions of the Trans-Caucasian railways as are now under Turkish control, which must be placed at the free and complete disposal of the British authorities.

 

11. British, occupation of the Taurus and Amanus tunnel systems.

 

12. Immediate withdrawal of Turkish troops from north­west Persia and Trans-Caucasia to behind the pre-war frontier.

 

13. Surrender of all garrisons in the Hejaz, Assir, Yemen and Aden protectorate, and Baku, to the nearest British commander or Arab representative. These garrisons will not be retained as prisoners of war, but will be evacuated to their homes as soon as this can be conveniently arranged.

 

14. The surrender of all Turkish officers in Tripolitania to the nearest Italian garrison, such officers not to be treated as prisoners of war, but sent back to the main Turkish forces as soon as conveniently possible.

 

15. Surrender of all Germans and Austrians to the nearest British or Allied commander.

 

16.    Compliance with such orders as may be conveyed for the disposal and disposition of the Turkish Army and its equipment, including transport.

 

17. Appointment of British officers to control army sup­plies and resources, including ordnance factories, munition works and railway repair shops.

 

18. The control of the following mines to be placed in British hands:

 

The coal and lignite mines at Zunguldak, Heraclea, Sonia and Sarkia area, Keshan, Derkos and Pergama.

The copper mines at Arghana.

The chromite mines at Daghardi (Kutahia).

The nickel mines at Akkaja, Ag Gaya (Kastamouni).

The saltpetre mines at Konia.

 

19.    All Allied prisoners of war, and such Allied civilians (interned or otherwise) as express a wish to be so dealt with to be collected without delay in Constantinople and handed over unconditionally to the Allies.

 

 

Appendix D.III

 

(b) As sent to Admiral Calthorpe on October 22, 1918.

 

1. Opening of Dardanelles and Bosporus and secure access to the Black Sea. Allied occupation of Dardanelles and Bosporus forts.

 

2. Positions of all minefields, torpedo tubes and other obstructions in Turkish waters to be indicated, and assistance given to sweep or remove them as may be required.

 

3. All available information as to mines in the Black Sea to be communicated.

 

4. All Allied prisoners of war and Armenian interned persons and prisoners to be collected in Constantinople and handed over unconditionally to the Allies.

 

5. Immediate demobilisation of the Turkish Army except for such troops as are required for the surveillance of the frontiers and for the maintenance of internal order (effectives to be determined later by the Allies).

 

6. Surrender of all war vessels in Turkish waters, or in waters occupied by the Turks. These ships to be interned at such port or ports as may be directed.

 

7. Occupation by Allied troops of important strategical points.

 

8. Free use by Allied ships of all ports and anchorages now in Turkish occupation, and denial of their use to the enemy.

 

9. Use of Constantinople as a Naval Base for the Allies and use of all ship repair facilities at all Turkish ports and arsenals.

 

10. Allied occupation of the Taurus tunnel system.

 

11. Immediate withdrawal of Turkish troops from north­west Persia and Trans-Caucasia to behind the pre-war frontier.

 

12. Wireless telegraph and cable stations to be admin­istered by the Allies.

 

13. Prohibition to destroy any naval, military, or com­mercial material.

 

14. Facilities to be given for the purchase of coal, oil-fuel and naval material from Turkish sources.

 

15. Allied Control Officers to be placed on all railways, including such portions of the Trans-Caucasian railways now under Turkish control, which must be placed at the free and complete disposal of the Allied authorities. This clause to include Allied occupation of Baku and Batoum.

 

16. The surrender of all garrisons in the Hejaz, Assir, Yemen, Syria, Cilicia, and Mesopotamia to the nearest Allied commander or Arab representative.

 

17. The surrender of all Turkish officers in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica to the nearest Italian garrison.

 

18. The surrender of all ports occupied in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, including Misurata, to the nearest Allied garrison.

 

19. Surrender of all Germans and Austrians, naval, mili­tary, and civilian, to the nearest British or Allied commander.

20. Compliance with such orders as may be conveyed for the disposal and disposition of the Turkish Army and its equipment, arms, and ammunition, including transport.

 

21. Appointment of Allied officers to control army supplies.

 

22. Turkish prisoners to be kept at the disposal of the Allied Powers.

 

23. Obligation on the part of Turkey to cease all relations with the Central Powers.

 

24. It should be made clear –

 

(a) That in case of disorder in the six Armenian vilayets, the Allies reserve to themselves the right to occupy any part of them;

 

(b) That in connection with Clauses (7), (15), and (10), the towns of Sis, Hajin, Zeitun, and Aintab should be occupied.

 

It is necessary for you to bear these conditions in mind, and as far as possible to obtain them if only to enable us to satisfy the French and Italians that we have done our best to proceed on the lines mutually agreed. But in our opinion the first four conditions are of such paramount importance, and if completely carried out will so inevitably make us master of the situation that we do not wish you to jeopardise obtaining them, and obtaining them quickly, by insisting unduly on all or any of the rest, or indeed by raising any particular one of the remaining twenty if you think it might endanger your success in getting the vital four at once.

 

 

 

Appendix D.III

 

(c) As signed on October 30, 1918.

 

1. Opening of Dardanelles and Bosporus and secure access to the Black Sea. Allied occupation of Dardanelles and Bosporus forts.

 

2. Positions of all minefields, torpedo tubes and other obstructions in Turkish waters to be indicated, and assistance given to sweep or remove them as may be required.

 

3. All available information as to mines in the Black Sea to be communicated.

 

4. All Allied prisoners of war and Armenian interned persons and prisoners to be collected in Constantinople and handed over unconditionally to the Allies.

 

5. Immediate demobilisation of the Turkish Army except for such troops as are required for surveillance of frontiers and for the maintenance of internal order (number of effectives and their disposition to be determined later by the Allies after consultation with the Turkish Government).

 

6. Surrender of all war vessels in Turkish waters or in waters occupied by Turkey; these ships to be interned at such Turkish port or ports as may be directed, except such small vessels as are required for police or similar purposes in Turkish territorial waters.

 

7. The Allies to have the right to occupy any strategic points in the event of a situation arising which threatens the security of the Allies.

 

8. Free use by the Allied ships of all ports and anchorages now in Turkish occupation, and denial of their use to the enemy. Similar conditions to apply to Turkish mercantile shipping in Turkish waters for purposes of trade and the demobilisation of the army.

 

9. Use of all ship repair facilities at all Turkish ports and arsenals.

 

10. Allied occupation of the Taurus tunnel system.

 

11. Immediate withdrawal of Turkish troops from north­west Persia to behind the pre-war frontier has already been ordered and will be carried out.

 

Part of Trans-Caucasia has already been ordered to be evacuated by Turkish troops, the remainder to be evacuated if required by the Allies after they have studied the situation there.

 

12. Wireless telegraph and cable stations to be controlled by the Allies, Turkish Government messages excepted.

 

13. Prohibition to destroy any naval, military, or commercial material.

 

14. Facilities to be given for the purchase of coal and oil-fuel and naval material from Turkish sources after the requirements of the country have been met.

 

None of the above material to be exported.

 

15.    Allied Control Officers to be placed on all railways, including such portions of Trans-Caucasian railways now under Turkish control, which must be placed at the free and complete disposal of the Allied authorities, due consideration being given to the needs of the population.

 

This clause to include Allied occupation of Batoum. Turkey will raise no objection to the occupation of Baku by the Allies.

 

16. Surrender of all garrisons in Hejaz, Assir, Yemen, Syria, and Mesopotamia to the nearest Allied commander; and the withdrawal of troops from Cilicia, except those necessary to maintain order, as will be determined under Clause 5.

 

17. Surrender of all Turkish officers in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica to the nearest Italian garrison. Turkey guarantees to stop supplies and communications with these officers if they do not obey the order to surrender.

 

18. Surrender of all ports occupied in Tripolitania and Cyrenaica, including Misurata, to the nearest Allied garrison.

 

19. All Germans and Austrians, naval, military, and civilian, to be evacuated within one month from Turkish dominions: those in remote districts as soon after as may be possible.

 

20. Compliance with such orders as may be conveyed for the disposal of the equipment, arms and ammunition, includ­ing transport, of that portion of the Turkish Army which is demobilised under Clause 5.

 

21. An allied representative to be attached to the Turkish Ministry of Supplies in order to safeguard Allied interests. This representative to be furnished with all information necessary for this purpose.

 

22. Turkish prisoners to be kept at the disposal of the Allied Powers. The release of Turkish civilian prisoners and prisoners over military age to be considered.

 

23. Obligation on the part of Turkey to cease all relations with the Central Powers.

 

24. In case of disorder in the six Armenian vilayets, the Allies reserve to themselves the right to occupy any part of them.

 

25. Hostilities between the Allies and Turkey shall cease from noon, local time, on Thursday, October 81, 1918.

 

 

 

 

APPENDIX E

 

SUBMARINE WARFARE IN HOME WATERS

(including Atlantic, Arctic Sea and Bay of Biscay. Excluding Mediterranean)

 

Note: Until all German information is available, it is impossible to vouch for the accuracy of this table.

(I am grateful for the Uboat.net site information I have been able to add to compare original RN claims with modern research)

 

February 1917 to October 1918

 

Submarines at sea.

Average length of cruise in days. (Total submarine cruising days - approx)

Total number of sailings in ocean convoys.

Number of merchant ships - all nationalities - sunk by submarines.

Gross tons of shipping sunk.

Average number of enemy submarines based on

Flanders + Germany

Number of German submarines sunk or lost. (Uboat.net totals)

Remarks on submarines sunk.

 

Uboat.net loss information

("agreed" means date and cause of loss is confirmed. It does not always mean the two sources agree on details)

FEBRUARY 1917 

U-boats 21

UB-boats 8

UC-boats 17

Total - 46

U's 27

UB's 10

UC's 13

(560)

-

British 103

Foreign 109

 

Total 212

 

 

222,191

151,240

 

373,431

38 + 59

4 (5)

8th – UC.39. North Sea. By HMS Thrasher.

 

8th - UC.46. S, North Sea (Dover Straits). By HMS Liberty.

 

17th – U.83. Off S.W. Coast of Ireland. By HMS Q.5, Farnborough.

 

23rd – UC.32. N. North Sea. Own mines.

8th - UC.39. (agreed)

 

8th - UC.46. (agreed)

 

17th - U.83. (agreed)

 

19th - UC.18. English Channel. By Q-Ship Lady Olive (RN claimed 12 March)

 

23rd - UC.32. (agreed)

 

MARCH 1917 

U's 23

UB's 11

UC's 23

Total - 57

 

 

U's 21

UB's 10

UC's 11

(697)

-

British 137

Foreign 160

 

Total 297

 

 

249,042

207,633

 

456,675

35 + 61

4 (4)

10th - UC.43. N. North Sea. By H.M. S/M. G.13.

 

12th – UC.18. North Sea. By HMS Medea (?). (Uboat.net – 19 February)

 

12th – U.85. W. Channel. By HMS Q.19, Privet. (Uboat.net – 7th)

 

13th – UB.6. Dutch coast (interned).

 

7th - U.85. North Sea. Presumed foundered on or after 7 March (RN claimed on 12th)

 

10th - UC.43. (agreed)

 

12th - UB.6. Interned. Sunk on 18th. (agreed)

 

13rd - UC.68. English Channel. Went missing after 13 March. (RN claimed 5 April)

 

APRIL 1917

U's 31

UB's 16

UC's 28

Total - 75

 

 

U's 21

UB's 11

UC's 12

(914)

-

British 165

Foreign 170

 

Total 335

 

 

394,700

226,945

 

621,645

 

2 (1)

5th – UC.68. North Sea, S. Sunk by H.M. S/M C.7. (Uboat.net – 13 March)

 

19th – UC.30. North Sea. Sunk by mine.

 

21st - UC.30. Mined off Horns Reef (partly agreed)

 

MAY 1917

U's 35

UB's 11

UC's 27

Total 73

U's 27

UB's 12

UC's 12

(855)

28

British 98 Foreign 132

 

Total 230

222,188 184,715

 

406,903

33 + 61

5 (6)

1st - U.81. Atlantic. Sunk by H.M. S/M. E.54.

 

9th - UC.26. North Sea, S. Sunk by H.M.S. Milne.

 

14th - U.59. North Sea, S. Sunk by mine.

 

17th - UB.39. Channel. Sunk by H.M.S. Glen. (Uboat.net – 7th)

 

20th - UC.36. North Sea. Sunk by Seaplane No. 8663. (only one of the various claims by seaplanes has been confirmed. Uboat.net – 21st)

1st - U.81. (agreed)

 

7th - UB.39. S North Sea. Mined. (Originally unknown cause, then confirmed as mined. RN claimed on 17th)

 

8th - UC.26. (partly agreed. Differs by one day)

 

9th - UB.36. Off Flanders coast. Mined. (Originally claimed rammed by French steamer, but that attack is now confirmed as UC.36. RN claimed lost in June)

 

14th - U.59. (agreed)

 

21st - UC.36. Off Ushant. Rammed by French steamer. (agreed lost in month. RN claimed on 20th)

JUNE 1917

U's 30

UB's 8

UC's 23

Total 61

U's 25

UB's 14

UC's 17

(937)

60

British 117 Foreign 113

 

Total 230

314,915 180,165

 

495,080

37 + 57

4 (2)

7th - UC29. Off S.W. coast of Ireland. Sunk by H.M.S. Pargust.

 

12th - UC.66 Channel. Sunk by H.M. Trawler Sea King.

 

20th – U.99. Off W. coast of Ireland. Rammed by s.s.Valeria. (Uboat.net – 7 July)

 

? – UB.36. English Channel. Unknown. (Uboat.net – 9 May)

7th - UC.29. (agreed)

 

12nd - UC.66. Sinking by Sea King required UC.66 to have been on patrol for an excessive time (partly agreed)

JULY 1917

U's 37

UB's 8

UC's 20

Total 65

U's 29

UB's 14

UC's 17

(714)

266

British 95 Foreign 106

 

Total 201

273,407 148,265

 

421,672

35 + 58

6 (7)

12th – U.69. North Sea, N. Sunk by H.M.S. Patriot.

 

24th - UC.1. North Sea, S. Sunk by Seaplane No. 8689. (Uboat.net – 19th)

 

26th – UC.61. Dover area, off Cape Grisnez. Wrecked.

 

29th - UB.23. Channel W. Interned Corunna.

 

29th – UB.20. North Sea, S. Sunk by Seaplanes Nos. 8676, 8662. (Uboat.net – 28th)

 

29th – UB.27. North Sea, S. Rammed by s.s. Halcyon. (should read HMS Halcyon)

 

 

7th - U.99. N North Sea. Sunk by H.M. S/M J.2 (RN claimed on 20 June)

 

11th - U.69. Date of last contact. Could have been on patrol until 26th (partly agreed.)

 

19th - UC.1. Off Belgian coast. Possibly mined. (Seaplane attacks not mentioned. RN claimed on 24th)

 

26th - UC.61. (agreed)

 

28th - UB.20. Off Belgian coast. Mined. (RN claimed on 29th, but seaplane attacks not mentioned.)

 

29th - UB.23. (agreed)

 

29th - UB.27. Sinking by HMS Halcyon is listed, but is not consistent with UB.27's orders (partly agreed.)

AUGUST 1917 

U's 32

UB's 6

UC's 16

Total 54

U's 25

UB's 13

UC's 16

(706)

666

British 78 Foreign 70

 

Total 148

273,602 142,666

 

416,268

37 + 64

4 (5)

4th – UC.44. Ireland, S. coast. Sunk on her own mines.

 

12th - U.44. North Sea, N. Rammed by H.M.S. Oracle.

 

18th - UB.32. English Channel. Sunk by Seaplane No. 9860. (Uboat.net – 22 September)

 

21st – UC.41. North Sea (mouth of the Tay). Sunk hy H.M. Trawler Jacinth.

4th - UC.44. (agreed)

 

12nd - U.44. (agreed)

 

21st - UC.41. (agreed)

 

21st - UC.72. Between Biscay and Flanders. Went missing after 21 August. Previous fate listed by Uboat.net as sunk by Q-ship Acton on 20th. (RN claimed 22 September)

 

31st - U.50. Probably mined off Terschelling on or after 31 August. (RN claimed 1-11 October)

 

SEPTEMBER 1917

U's 43

UB's 10

UC's 20

Total 73

U's 30

UB's 14

UC's 18

(804)

1,075

British 71 Foreign 70

 

Total 141

158,451 122,098

 

280,549

35 + 63

10 (11)

2nd - U.28. Arctic Sea. Sunk in explosion of s.s. Olive Branch.

 

11th – U.49. Atlantic. Sunk by s.s. British Transport

 

12th - U.45. Off N. coast of Ireland. Sunk by H.M. S/M. D.7.

 

17th - U.88. Atlantic. Sunk by H.M.S. Stonecrop.

 

18th - UC.42. Off S. coast of Ireland. Sunk by own mines.

 

22nd - UC.72. North Sea, S. Sunk by Seaplane No. 8695. (Uboat.net – 21 August)

 

26th - UC.33. Irish Channel. Rammed by H.M.S. P.61.

 

27th - UC.21. Dover area. Sunk by mine nets.

 

28th - UC.6. North Sea, S. Sunk by Seaplane No. 8676. (Uboat-net – 27th)

 

29th – UC.55. North Sea, N. (off Lerwick). Sunk by H.M.S. Sylvia and Tirade.

2nd - U.28. (agreed)

 

3rd - U.66. Possibly mined Dogger Bank area on of after 3 September. (RN claimed 1-11 October)

 

5th - U.88. Presumed mined off Terschelling. (loss in month agreed)

 

10th - UC.42. Date differs (partly agreed)

 

11th - U.49. (agreed)

 

12nd - U.45. (agreed)

 

22nd - UB.32. Possibly sunk by bombs dropped from RNAS aircraft (RN claimed on 18 August)

 

26th - UC.33. (agreed)

 

27th - UC.6. Off North Foreland. Sunk by mined net (loss in month agreed. RN claimed on 28th)

 

29th - UC.55. Off Lerwick. Lost by accident during minelaying (partly agreed)

 

30th - UC.21. Departed Zeebrugge for Bay of Biscay on 13th. Lost on of after 16th (loss in month agreed)

 

    

Submarines at sea.

Average length of cruise in days. (Total submarine cruising days - approx)

Total number of sailings in ocean convoys.

Number of merchant ships - all nationalities - sunk by submarines.

Gross tons of shiping sunk.

Average number of enemy submarines based on

Flanders + Germany

Number of German submarines sunk or lost. (Uboat.net totals)

Remarks on submarines sunk.

 

Uboat.net loss information

OCTOBER 1917 

U's 34

UB's 11

UC's 14

Total 59

U's 28

UB.s 12

UC's 14

(823)

1,040

British 62 Foreign 56

 

Total 118

180,559 117,171

 

297,730

36 + 59

7 (5)

1st-11th – U.50. North Sea. Operation HS. Sunk by mine. (Uboat.net – 31 August)

 

1st-11th - U.66. North Sea. Operation HS. Sunk by mine. (Uboat.net – 3 September)

 

1st-11th - U.106. North Sea. Operation HS. Sunk by mine.

 

3rd - UC.14. North Sea, S. Sunk by mine.

 

5th – UB.41. North Sea, S. Sunk by mine.

 

19th - UC.62. North Sea, S. Sunk by H.M. S/M. E.45. (Uboat.net – 14th)

 

23rd - UC.16. Channel. Sunk by H.M.S. Melampus (Uboat.net – after 4th)

3rd - UC.14. (agreed)

 

4th - UC.16. Presumed mined off Zeebrugge in October (loss in month agreed. RN claimed on 23rd)

 

5th - UB.41. (agreed)

 

7th - U.106. Mined to the north of Terschelling (partly agreed)

 

14th - UC.62. Mined near Zeebrugge in October, and not off Portland (loss in month agreed. RN claimed on 19th))

 

NOVEMBER 1917

U's 25

UB's 20

UC's 9

Total 54

U's 29

UB's 14

UC's 16

(557)

948

British 50 Foreign 53

 

Total 103

155,954 89,834

 

245,788

34 + 61

8 (8)

1st - UC.63. Dover area. Sunk by H.M. S/M. E.52.

 

3rd - UC.65. English Channel, E: Sunk by H.M. S/M. C.15

 

13th - UC.51. North Sea, S. Sunk by H.M.S. Firedrake. (Uboat.net – 17th)

 

17th - U.58. Off S. coast of Ireland. Sunk by U.S.S. Fanning and Nicholson.

 

17th - UB.18. English Channel, W. Sunk by mine. (Uboat.net – 9 December)

 

18th – UC.47. North Sea. Rammed by H.M.S. P.57.

 

24th - U.48. Dover area. Sunk by H.M.S. Gipsy and Dover Drifters.

 

29th - UB.61. North Sea, S. Sunk by H.M. Trawler (?).

1st - UC.63. (agreed)

 

3rd - UC.65. (agreed)

 

17th - UC.51. Mined in English Channel (RN claimed on 13th)

 

17th - U.58. (agreed)

 

18th - UC.47. (agreed)

 

24th - U.48. (partly agreed)

 

29th - UB.61. Mined off Dutch coast, mine laid by H.M. S/M. E.51 (loss on this date agreed)

 

DECEMBER 1917

U's 38

UB's 18

UC's 6

Total 62

U's 24

UB's 17

UC's 17

(798)

1,007

British 61 Foreign 46

 

Total 107

155,630 76,011

 

231,641

30 + 65

6 (7)

2nd - UB.81. English Channel. Sunk by mine.

 

6th - UC.69. English Channel. Rammed by U.96.

 

10th - UB.75. North Sea, S. Sunk by mine nets.

 

13th - U.75. North Sea. Sunk by mine.

 

19th - UB.56. Dover area. Sunk by mine.

 

25th - U.87. Irish Channel. Rammed by H.M.S. P.56.

2nd - UB.81. (agreed)

 

6th - UC.69. (agreed)

 

9th - UB.18. Rammed and sunk by trawler Ben Lawer in the Channe (RN claimed 17 November)

 

10th - UB.75. (agreed)

 

13rd - U.75. (agreed)

 

19th - UB.56. (agreed)

 

25th - U.87. (agreed)

 

JANUARY 1918

U's 33

UB's 17

UC's 8

Total 58

U's 27

UB's 16

UC's 15

(647)

945

British 52 Foreign 44

 

Total 96

119,100 64,666

 

183,766

30 + 62

7 (8)

7th - U.93. English Channel. Rammed by s.s. Braeneil.

 

19th - UB.22. North Sea, S. Sunk by mine.

 

26th - U.84. Irish Channel. Sunk by H.M.S. P.62.

 

26th - UB.35. Dover area. Sunk by H.M.S. Leven.

 

26th - U.109. Dover area. Sunk by H.M. Drifter Beryl.

 

28th - UB.63. North Sea, N. Sunk by H.M. Trawler W. S. Bailey. (Uboat.net – 14th)

 

? - U.95. Probably in English Channel. Unknown. (Uboat.net – after 16th)

7th - UC.50. Sailed on 7th for Bay of Biscay. Went missing (RN claimed 4 February)

 

14th - UB.63. North Sea or Irish Sea. Went missing after 14th and into early February (loss in month agreed. RN claimed on 28th)

 

15th - U.93. Channel area. Missing after 15th (loss in month agreed)

 

16th - U.95. Dover Straits. Missing after 15th off French coast (loss in month agreed)

 

19th - UB.22. (agreed)

 

26th - U.84. (agreed)

 

26th - UB.35. (agreed)

 

26th - U.109. Possible mined in Strait of Dover (partly agreed)

 

FEBRUARY 1918 

U's 36

UB's 20

UC's 7

Total 63

U's 26

UB's 17

UC's 16

(803)

 

969

British 67 Foreign 29

 

Total 96

185,555 57,597

 

243,152

29 + 62

4 (2)

4th - UC.50. English Channel. Sunk by H.M.S. Zubian. (Uboat.net – 7 January. Zubian's attack was on UC.79, which was damaged)

 

8th - UB.38. Dover area. Rammed by H.M. Drifter Gowan II.

 

12th - U.89. N. of Ireland. Rammed by H.M.S. Roxburgh.

 

25th - UB.17. English Channel. Sunk by H.M.S. Onslow. (Uboat.net – 15 March)

8th - UB.38. Mined (partly agreed)

 

12nd - U.89. (agreed)

 

MARCH 1918 

U's 35

UB's 20

UC's 9

Total 64

 

U's 28

UB's 17

UC's 16

(763)

1,113

British 72 Foreign 51

 

Total 123

135,412 91,585

 

226,997

26 + 62

5 (6)

10th - UB.58. Dover area. Sunk by mine.

 

11th - UB.54. North Sea, S. Sunk by H.M.S. Retriever. (Uboat.net – after 1st)

 

15th - U.110. North of Ireland. Sunk by H.M.S. Michael

 

23rd - UC.48. Interned at Ferrol.

 

26th - U.61. Irish Channel. Sunk by H.M.S. P.51. (Uboat.net – after 23rd. P.51's attack was an unsuccessful one on UC.56)

1st - UB.54. Sailed on 1st for patrol off Portland. Went missing (loss in month agreed. RN claimed on 11th)

 

10th - UB.58. (agreed)

 

15th - U.110. (agreed)

 

15th - UB.17. Sailed on 11th from Zeebrugge. Went missing (RN claimed 25 February)

 

23rd - UC.48. (agreed)

 

23rd - U.61. Sailed on 14th, sank ship on 23rd, then went missing. (loss in month agreed. RN claimed on 26th)

 

APRIL 1918

U's 31

UB's 18

UC's 9

Total 58

U's 27

UB's 20

UC's 17

763)

1,150

British 57 Foreign 23

 

Total 80

155,291 34,221

 

189,512

25 + 63

6 (7)

11th - UB.33. Dover area. Sunk by mine nets.

 

17th - UB.82. North of Ireland. Sunk by H.M. Drifters Pilot Me and Young Fred.

 

22nd - UB.55. Dover area. Sunk by mine.

 

25th - U.104. Irish Channel. Sunk by H.M.S. Jessamine.

 

30th - UB.85.- Irish Channel. Sunk by H.M. Drifter Coreopsis.

 

? - UC.79. North Sea. Sunk by mine. (Uboat.net – first week of month)

5th - UC.79. Mined off Griz Nez, France first week of April (loss in month agreed)

 

11st - UB.33. (agreed)

 

17th - UB.82. (agreed)

 

19th - UB.78. Mined off Folkestone night of 19th/20th. Originally thought to be UC.79. (RN claimed 9 May)

 

22nd - UB.55. (agreed)

 

25th - U.104. (agreed)

 

30th - UB.85. (agreed)

 

 

Submarines at sea.

Average length of cruise in days. (Total submarine cruising days - approx)

Total number of sailings in ocean convoys.

Number of merchant ships - all nationalities - sunk by submarines.

Gross tons of shiping sunk.

Average number of enemy submarines based on

Flanders + Germany

Number of German submarines sunk or lost. (Uboat.net totals)

Remarks on submarines sunk.

 

Uboat.net loss information

MAY 1918

U's 30

UB's 22

UC's 9

Total 61

 

U's 31

UB's 20

UC's 16

(864)

1,197

British 56 Foreign 36

 

Total 92

119,849 59,626

 

179,475

23 + 65

11 (10)

2nd - UB.31. Dover area. Sunk by mine.

 

2nd - UC.78. Dover area. Sunk by mine. (Uboat.net – 9th)

 

9th - UB.78. English Channel. Rammed by H.M. Transport Queen Alexandra. (Uboat.net – 19 April)

 

10th - UB.16. North Sea, S. Sunk by H.M. S/M. E.34.

 

11th - U.154. Atlantic. Sunk by H.M. S/M. E.35.

 

12th - U.103. English Channel. Rammed by H.M.S. Olympic.

 

12th - UB.72. English Channel.- Sunk by H.M. S/M. D 4.

 

24th – UC.56. Interned Santander.

 

26th - UB.74. English Channel. Sunk by H.M. Yacht Lorna.

 

31st - UC.75. North Sea. Rammed by H.M.S. Fairy.

 

? – UB.119. North Sea. Unknown. (Uboat.net – 5th)

2nd - UB.31. (agreed)

 

5th - UB.119. Rammed by S.S. Green Island off N Ireland coast (loss in month agreed. RN believed lost in North Sea)

 

9th - UC.78. Rammed by S.S. Queen Alexandra off Cherbourg. Originally thought to be UB.78. (loss in month agreed. RN claimed on 2nd.)

 

10th - UB.16. (agreed)

 

11th - U.154. (agreed)

 

12nd - U.103. (agreed)

 

12nd - UB.72. (agreed)

 

24th - UC.56. (agreed)

 

26th - UB.74. (agreed)

 

31st - UC.75. (agreed)

 

JUNE 1918

U's 28

UB's 17

UC's 11

Total 56

U's 30

UB's 19

UC's 17

(626)

1,295

British 44 Foreign 34

 

Total 78

122,491 64,011

 

186,502

24 + 65

2 (2)

20th – UC.64. Dover area. Sunk by mine.

 

26th – UC.11. North Sea, S. Sunk by mine.

20th - UC.64. (agreed)

 

26th - UC.11. (agreed)

 

JULY 1918

U's 31

UB's 30

UC's 8

Total 69

U's 29

UB's 17

UC's 15

(961)

1,270

British 41 Foreign 40

 

Total 81

133,355 64,734

 

198,089

22 + 70

6 (5)

10th – UC.77. Dover area. Sunk by H.M. Drifters Kessingland and Golden Gain. (Uboat.net – late July)

 

10th - UB.65. Off S.W. coast of Ireland. Sunk by accidental explosion. (Uboat.net – on or after 14th)

 

19th - UB.110. North Sea. Sunk by H.M.S. Garry and M.L. 263.

 

20th – UB.124. Off N. coast of Ireland. Sunk by H.M.S. Marne, Milbrook, Pigeon.

 

27th - UB.107. North Sea, S. Sunk by H.M. Trawler Calvia and H.M.S. Vanessa. (Uboat.net – 4 August)

 

? - UB.108. English Channel. Unknown.

2nd - UB.108. Mined off Belgian coast in the month (loss in month agreed)

 

14th - UB.65. Accidental causes off N Cornwall (loss in month agreed. RN claimed on 10th)

 

14th - UC.77. Mined off Flanders coast late July, presumably after the 14th (loss in month agreed. RN claimed on 10th)

 

19th - UB.110. (agreed)

 

20th - UB.124. (agreed)

 

AUGUST 1918 

U's 30

UB's 32

UC's 7

Total 69

 

U's 28

UB's 18

UC's 16

(926)

1,277

 

British 46

Foreign 81

 

Total 127

 

117,579 107,399

 

224,978

 

18 + 78

6 (8)

8th – UC.49. English Channel. Sunk by H.M.S. Opossum.

 

13th - UB.30. North Sea. Sunk by H.M. Trawlers John Gillmann and Florio.

 

14th – UB.57. Dover area. Sunk by mine.

 

28th – UC.70. North Sea. Sunk by Aeroplane BK. 9983 and H.M.S. Ouse.

 

29th - UB.109. Dover area. Sunk by mine.

 

? - UB.12. North Sea, S. Sunk by mine.

4th - UB.107. Sunk by unknown cause one mile north of Flamborough (RN claimed on 27 July)

 

8th - UC.49. (agreed)

 

13rd - UB.30. (agreed)

 

14th - UB.57. (agreed)

 

14th - UB.103. Mined off Flanders coast after 14th (RN claimed 16 September)

 

19th - UB.12. North Sea. Lost between 19th and 28th (loss in month agreed)

 

28th - UC.70. (agreed)

 

29th - UB.109. (agreed)

 

SEPTEMBER 1918

U's 30 UB's 32

UC's 4

Total 66

 

U's 30

UB's 19

UC's 15

(976)

1,258

British 39 Foreign 25

 

Total 64

 

114,697

40,226

 

 

154,923

 

13 + 77

9 (8)

9th – U.92. North Sea. N. Sunk by mine in Northern Barrage.

 

10th - UB.83. - North Sea, N. Sunk by H.M.S. Ophelia.

 

16th - UB.103. Dover area. Sunk by Airship SS. Z.1 and H.M. Drifter Young Crow. (Uboat.net – after 14 August)

 

19th - UB.104. North Sea, N. Sunk by mine in Northern Barrage.

 

25th - U.156. North Sea, N. Sunk by mine in Northern Barrage.

 

29th - UB.115. North Sea, N. Sunk by H.M.S. Ouse and Star.


? - UB.113. Dover area. Sunk by mine.
(Uboat.net – after 14th)


? – U.102. North Sea, N. Sunk by mine in Northern Barrage.

 

? - UB.127. North Sea, N. Sunk by mine in Northern Barrage.

9th - U.92. (agreed)

 

10th - UB.83. (agreed)

 

14th - UB.113. Sailed on 14th for western Channel, north-about and went missing (loss in month agreed)

 

21st - UB.104. Disappeared off S England on or after 17th (loss in month agreed)

 

25th - U.156. (agreed)

 

29th - UB.115. (agreed)

 

30th - U.102. Mined in the Northern Barrage between 28th and 30th (agreed)

 

30th - UB.127. Possibly mined S of Fair Isle passage on or after 9th (probably agreed)

 

OCTOBER 1918

U's 21

UB's 22

UC's 5

Total 48

 

U's 20

UB's 12 UC's 9

(745)

1,215

British 18

Foreign 24

 

Total 42

43,028 37,871

 

80,899

 

Flanders base evacu­ated; 8

at sea + 77

 

8 (9)

1st – UB.40, and 2nd - UB.10, UB.59, UC.4. Destroyed by the Germans on evacuation of the Flanders Bases

 

16th - UB.90. North Sea, N. Sunk by H.M. S/M. L.12.

 

19th – UB.123. North Sea, N. Sunk by mine in Northern Barrage.

 

28th – U.78. North Sea, N. Sunk by H.M. S.M. G.2.

 

28th - UB.116. North Sea, N. Sunk by mine in Northern Barrage.

5th - UB.10. (agreed)

5th - UB.40. (agreed)

5th - UB.59. (agreed)

5th - UC.4. (agreed)

 

16th - UB.90. (agreed)

 

19th - UB.123. (agreed)

 

21st - UB.89. In collision and sank off Kiel. Raised on 30th.

 

27th - U.78. (agreed)

 

28th - UB.116. Mined and depth charged off Scapa Flow. (loss on date agreed)

 


 

 

 

APPENDIX F

 

EXPANSION OF THE FLEET

 

Strength of British Navy, 4th August 1914 and 11th November, 1918.

(Including Ships in the Naval Service of Dominion Governments.)

 

 

Type of Vessel.

 

 

Strength, 4th August 1914.

Strength, 11th November, 1918.

No.

Displacement Tonnage.

No. 

Displacement Tonnage.

Gross Tonnage.

Warships:

 

Battleships:

 

 

 

 

 

Dreadnoughts

20*

423,350

33

775,850

-

Pre-Dreadnoughts

40

589,385

17**

258,900

-

Total

60

1,012,735

50

1,034,750

-

 

Battle Cruisers

9

187,800

9

206,300

-

Cruisers

46

510,650

27**

304,950

-

Light Cruisers

62

260,100

82**

344,330

-

Gunboats

28

16,641

52

22,784

-

Coast Defence Vessels

-

-

1

5,700

-

Monitors

-

-

33

106,130

-

Sloops

11

11,330

11

11,738

-

Fleet Sweeping Vessels (Sloops)

-

-

106

132,800

-

Flotilla Leaders

1

2,207

26

42,634

-

Torpedo Boat Destroyers

215

142,546

407

363,695

-

Torpedo Boats

106

17,906

94

15,831

-

Submarines

76

30,983

137

131,658

-

Aircraft Carriers

1

5,600

13

79,077

5,375

P. and P.C. Boats

-

-

62

38,932

-

Minelaying Vessels

7

24,200

8

52,800

4,298

Repair Ships

2

20,900

7

38,458

1,219

Depot Ships

22

86,845

49

312,728

-

Armed Merchant Cruisers

±

-

29

-

297,968

Armed Boarding Steamers

-

-

20

-

32,617

Special Service Ships

-

-

50

-

25,000

Coastal Motor Boats

-

-

66

545

-

Miscellaneous

-

2,780

15

1,288

16,361

Total Warships

648

2,333,223

1,354

3,247,128

382,838

  

Auxiliary Patrol Service:

 

Yachts

-

-

57

-

37,000+

Patrol Gunboats

-

-

30

20,724

-

Whalers

-

-

18

4,704

-

Trawlers

12

5,667

1,520

-

350,000+

Drifters

-

-

1,365

-

113,000+

Minesweepers - Paddle or Screw

-

-

156

68,645 

37,600

Motor Launches

-

-

507

18,252

-

Motor Drifters and Motor Boats

-

-

74

-

5,300+

Total Auxiliary Patrol Service

12

5,667

 

3,727

 

112,325

 

542,900+

 

 

 

Grand Total

660

2,338,890

5,081

3,359,453

925,738+

 

* One newly commissioned 7th August, 1914, not included.

** Excluding 12 Pre-Dreadnought Battleships

** Excluding 10 Cruisers 

** Excluding 10 Light Cruisers

All three types converted from their original type to Depot Ships, etc.

+ Approximate. 

± Several fitting out at this date.

 

Note. - In addition to the above, the principal Auxiliary Vessels employed on Admiralty Service totalled 97 and 570 on the dates mentioned.

 

 


 

 

APPENDIX G

 

LOSSES OF BRITISH AND ALLIED WARSHIPS AND AUXILIARIES FROM ALL CAUSES UP TO  11th NOVEMBER, 1918.

 

 

Class.

Great Britain.

France.

Italy.

Russia.

United States.

Japan.

(a) Portugal,

(b) Greece,

(c) Roumania

Total excluding Britain

Total with Britain

Battleships

13

4

3

4

-

1

-

12

25

Battle Cruisers

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

Cruisers

13

5

2

1

3

1

-

12

25

Light Cruisers

12*

-

1

1

-

3

-

5

17

Gunboats and Torpedo Gunboats

5

2

1

1

1

-

-

5

10

River Gunboats

2

-

-

-

-

-

1(a)

1

3

Coast Defence Ships

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

Monitors

5

-

1

-

-

-

-

1

6

Sloops

18

1

-

-

-

-

-

1

19

Flotilla Leaders

3

-

1

-

-

-

-

1

4

Torpedo Boat Destroyers

64

11

8

22

2

2

1(b)

46

110

Torpedo Boats

11

8

6

-

-

1

1(c)

16

27

Submarines

54**

12

8

14

1

-

-

35

89

Aircraft Carriers

3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3

Patrol Boats

2

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2

Minelayers

2

2

1

3

-

-

-

6

8

Armed Merchant Cruisers

17

8

4

1

-

-

-

13

30

Armed Boarding Steamers

13

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13

Coastal Motor Boats

13

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

13

Total Numbers

254

53

36

47

7

8

3

154

408

Total Tons Displ.

651,907

172,264

92,104

126,528

41,365

48,453

478

481,192

1,133,099

Total Tons Gross

208,948

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

208,948

 

 

In addition to the above - Auxiliary Vessels, e.g. Hospital Ships Minesweepers Auxiliary Patrol Vessels Colliers, etc

815+

81+

36

3+

7+

3+

2 (a)+

132+

947

Total Displacement

3,990

17,331

28,728

11,241

26,360 (est.)

500 (est.)

250

84,410

88,400

Tons Gross

1,125,743

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,125,743

* Including 6 Light Cruisers sunk as blockships at Zeebrugge and Ostend.

** Including 7 Submarines destroyed at Helsingfors to avoid capture, and 1 blown up at Zeebrugge Mole.

+ These figures are not strictly comparable, as the figures given for the Allies may be incomplete.

 

 


APPENDIX H

 

LOSSES OF ENEMY WARSHIPS AND AUXILIARIES  UP TO 11th NOVEMBER, 1918.

 

Class Germany Austria-Hungary Turkey Total
Battleships 1* 3 1 5
Battle Cruisers 1 - - 1
Cruisers 6 - - 6
Light Cruisers 17 2 2 21
Gunboats 8 - 4 12
Armoured Vessels - - 1 1
River Monitors - 3 - 3
Torpedo Boat Destroyers 68 4 3 75
Torpedo Boats 56 4 5 64
Submarines 200 7 - 207
Minelayers 1 - 2 3
Miscellaneous 5 - 10 15
         

Total - Numbers

362 23 28 413

Total - Tons displacement

362,371 58,416 30,640 451,427
   
Commissioned Merchant Vessels (including Armed Merchant Cruisers, Trawlers, etc.), Minesweepers, etc. 151+ 7 1 152+

Tons - Displacement

13,625 2 2.662 16,287

Tons - Gross

200,000+ - - 200,000+

* Also 1 battleship of 18,600 tons displacement, wrecked on active service, subsequently salved but found not to be worth repair.

+ Approximate. As regards German commissioned merchant vessels, the known losses amount to 120 vessels of all types having a total tonnage of about 200,000 gross tons; but it is beheved these figures do not represent more than 75 per cent, of the actual totals.

 


 

 

APPENDIX I

 

STATEMENT SHOWING NUMBERS BORNE IN H.M. FLEET ON 15th JULY, 1914, 15th AUGUST, 1914, and 15th NOVEMBER, 1918.

 

 

 

15th July 1914

16th August 1914

15th November 1918

Royal Navy, Royal Marines, etc. (other than Retired, Pensioners, or Reserves)

146,047

147,667

188,537

Entered for hostilities only

-

-

74,437

Retired Officers and Pensioners

-

6,970

12,346

Royal Fleet Reserve

-

27,395

19,180

Royal Naval Reserve

-

13,510

23,453

Royal Naval Reserve (Trawler Section)

-

3,130

37,145

Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve

-

2,345

50,218

Colonial Reserves

-

-

2,000

Total

146,047*

201,017*

407,316+

 

* R.N.A.S. included.

+ R.N. Division included, but M.M. Reserve excluded.

 

 


 

 

APPENDIX J

 

NUMBER OF OFFICERS AND MEN OF ALL RANKS THAT SERVED DURING THE WAR

The numbers include Officers and Men of the Royal Navy and Royal Marines, Retired Officers, Pensioners, Coast-Guard, Reserves, Royal Naval Air Service, and Royal Naval Division and Mercantile Marine Reserve.

 

Personnel of the Dominion Navies, etc., is not included.

 

Officers

Men

Total

Borne on 15th July, 1914

9,986

136,061

146,047

Reserves mobilised

3,560

59,734

63,294

Entered

41,831

389,065

430,896

Total

55,377

584,860

640,237

In addition, 11,323 served in the Coast Watching Service, Women's Royal Naval Service, as Nursing Sisters and V.A.D.'s

 


 

 

APPENDIX K

 

I. - STATEMENT OF CASUALTIES SUFFERED BY OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE ROYAL NAVY AND RESERVES

(including Mercantile Marine Reserve) whilst serving in His Majesty's ships and merchant ships, and of Officers and Men of the Royal Naval Division, between 4th August, 1914 and 11th November, 1918.

 

 

 

 

(a) ROYAL NAVY

The figures include:

 

(1) Officers and men of Royal Navy, Royal Marines (afloat and ashore), Royal Fleet Reserve, Royal Naval Reserve, Royal Naval Reserve (trawler section), Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve and Colonial Reserves.

 

(2) Officers and men of the Royal Naval Air Service, up to 31st March, 1918 (the date of transfer to the Royal Air Force).

 

(3) Members of the Mercantile Marine Reserve.

 

(4) Civilian canteen employees, men serving in Royal Fleet Auxiliaries, etc

 

The following are excluded:

 

(1) Officers and men of the Royal Naval Division. (see (b))

 

(2) Officers and men of the British Mercantile Marine. (see II)

 

Officers

Men

Total

Killed in action (including died of wounds)

2,074

20,737

22,811

Died from all other causes

400

11,443

11,843

Wounded in Action

549

3,961

4,510

Injured, not in Action

256

392

648

Still missing

nil

nil

nil

Total

3,279

36,533

39,812

The number of Officers and men who were made prisoners of war, or who were interned during the same period were:

 

Officers

Men

Total

Prisoners of war

211

824

1,035

Interned

51

170

221

Total

262

994

1,256

Officers and men presumed dead are included in the first Table.

 

Prisoners of war, and interned Officers and men who died whilst in captivity or internment are included in both of the preceding Tables. The rest of the Officers and men in the second Table were repatriated, released, or escaped.

 

(b) ROYAL NAVAL DIVISION.

The casualties suffered by the Royal Naval Division during the same period were:

 

Officers

Men

Total

Killed in action (including died of wounds)

444

7,480

7,924

Died from all other causes

19

647

666

Wounded

777

19,388

20,165

Still missing

nil

nil

nil

Total

1,240

27,515

28,755

Officers and men reported missing, since assumed dead, are included in the above figures under "Killed in Action."

 

The number of officers and men of the Royal Naval Division made prisoners of war or interned were:

Officers

96

Men

4,370

Total

4,466

With the exception of four men, since assumed dead, all the above prisoners of war, etc., were repatriated.

 

II. NUMBER OF LIVES LOST IN BRITISH MERCHANT AND FISHING VESSELS

Between 4th August, 1914 and 11th November, 1918.

 

In British Merchant Vessels

14,879

In British Fishing Vessels

434

Total

15,313


 

 

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