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SERVICE HISTORIES of ROYAL NAVY WARSHIPS in WORLD WAR 2
by Lt Cdr Geoffrey B Mason RN (Rtd) (c) 2005

HMS LOCH FADA (K 390) - Loch-class Frigate including Convoy Escort Movements

HMS Loch Fada (Navy Photos/Bob Hanley, click to enlarge)

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Twin Screw Fast frigate ordered on 19th January 1943 from John Brown Clydebank and laid down on 8th June 1943 as Job number 1614 (Yard Number 6147. The was Lead Ship of the LOCH Class and her builder was deliberately selection as John Brown had a long history of building ships for the Admiralty and the introduction of new build techniques could be easily supervised by the local Naval Overseer. The ship was launched on 14th December by Miss Patricia Piggott and build was completed on 10th April 1944 and was the 1st RN ship to carry this name. She was adopted by the civil community of Eastleigh, Hampshire after the loss of HM Corvette ASPHODEL which had been allocated in December 1941 after a WARSHIP WEEK National Savings campaign.

 

B a t t l e   H o n o u r s

 

NORMANDY 1944 - ENGLISH  CHANNEL 1945 - ATLANTIC  1945

 

H e r a l d i c   D a t a

Badge: On a Field Red., seven keys linked in pile, the wards uppermost White

(Note: One explanation is that there are seven Lochs of this name in the Scottish Highlands,

but this is now disputed.)

 

 

D e t a i l s   o f   W a r  S e r v i c e

 

(for more ship information, go to Naval History Homepage and type name in Site Search

 

 

1 9 4 4

 

April                       Contractors Trials and commissioned for service in 2nd British Escort Group based at

                                Liverpool.

                                Commanding Officer: Lieut. Cdr. BA Rogers RNR. (Later Cdr, RNR)

                                (Note: This Group was commanded by Captain F J Walker RN and had already been

                                established as the most successful commander of all Anti-Submarine Groups.

                                THE FIGHTING CAPTAIN BY A Bum).

                14th        Build completion and commenced Acceptance Trials.

                                took passage to Tobermory after completion of trials and storing

 

May                        Carried out First of Class Trials

                                Worked-up at Tobermory for operational service

 

June                        On completion took passage to join Group at Plymouth.

                                Nominated for service with Group in Bay of Biscay based at Plymouth.

                                (Note: These operations were carried out in conjunction with RAF aircraft of Coastal

                                Command).

                                Deployed with HM Sloops STARLING, WILD GOOSE, WREN, HM Frigates DOMINICA,

                                LOCH KILLIN and LOCHY for anti-submarine operations to prevent entry of U-Boats into 

                                English Channel during Normandy landings (Operation NEPTUNE).

                                (For details of naval activities prior to and during landings see LANDINGS IN NORMANDY,

                                June 1944 (HMSO) and OPERATION NEPTUNE by K Edwards).

                                (During this period U333 was sunk by ships of the Group).

 

July                         Bay of Biscay and English Channel operations with Group in continuation.

                                (For details see U-BOAT WAR IN THE ATLANTIC (HMSO) and HITLER’S U-BOAT WAR

                                by C Blair.)

 

August

                11th        Took part in operations during which U736 and U385 were sunk.

                                See above references and U-BOATS DESTROYED by P Kemp.

                                On release from anti-submarine operations transferred with Group for support of convoy

                                defence in NW Approaches, based at Londonderry.

 

September             Deployed with Group for anti-submarine operations in NW Approaches.

to                            Transferred with Group to provide additional defence for passage of coastal convoys in Irish

November              Sea.

                                (For details see SEEK AND STRIKE by W Hackmann and BUSINESS IN GREAT WATERS by

                                J Terraine for changes in U-Boat tactics in this period.)

 

December              Taken in hand for hull stiffening at Belfast.

                                (Note: This was a design weakness discovered after LOCH Class Frigates had been deployed

                                operationally).

 

1 9 4 5

 

January                  Deployed with Group in SW Approaches for anti-submarine support

 

February

                27th        Sank U1018 in English Channel in position 49.56N, 05.20W.

                                Shared credit for sinking of U327 with HMS LABUAN, HMS WILD GOOSE and aircraft of US

                                Navy. in position 49.46N 05.47W without any survivors.

                                (Note: The captain of was awarded the DSC and the RAF presented an inscribed silver bugle

                                to commemorate these joint operations).

                                For details of both sinkings see above reference.

 

March                    Deployment with Group off western coast of UK in continuation

to

April

 

May

                6th          After VE Day transferred with Group for duty with Home Fleet in support of the re-occupation

                                of Norway.

 

June                        Home Fleet deployment in continuation.

                                Visited Kristiansund

 

July                         Transferred to Rosyth to join Anti-Submarine Flotilla for training duties.

 

August                  Visited Christiansund and Hamburg. Redeployed in Clyde for A/S training duties.

                                A/S Training Flotilla duties in continuation.

                                Commanding Officer: Lieut. Cdr. R H Iterchington MBE, RNVR.

                                Taken in hand for repair.

 

October                  Resumed training duties.

                                Visited Reykjavik.

 

November              Deployed for A/S Training based at Londonderry with Flotilla.

 

December              Commanding Officer: Lieut. Cdr. W P Hart RNR.

                8th          Took part in destruction of U-Boats in NW Approaches

                                Escorted German submarines from Loch Ryan to Destruction area in NW Approaches.

                                (Operation DEADLIGHT).

 

1 9 4 6

 

January                  Participation in DEADLIGHT in continuation.

 

February                Resumed A/S training duties with Flotilla.

 

March

                18th        Took passage to Devonport for refit.

 

April                       Under refit by HM Dockyard, Devonport.

to                            Commanding Officer: Lieut.. Cdr. P C S Black DSC Royal Navy.

May

 

June                        Post refit trials.

                14th        Resumed A/S training duties at Londonderry with Flotilla.

 

July                         A/S training at Londonderry in continuation.

to

August

 

September             Transferred to 4th Escort Flotilla when A/S Flotilla renamed.

                                A/S training deployment in continuation.

October                  Training duties in continuation at Londonderry

 

November              Training duties in continuation.

to

December              Passage to Devonport for Leave period.

 

1 9 4 7

 

January                  Resumed A/S training duties at Londonderry.

 

February                A/S training duties in continuation

to                            took part in exercises with Home Fleet ships.

May

 

June                        A/S training in continuation.

                                Damaged in collision.

 

July

                7th          Taken in hand for repair at Londonderry.

 

August                  Under repair in commercial shipyard.

 

September             Transferred to Rosyth for refit

                                (Note: The surface warning radar Type 271 fitted on build was replaced by modem

                                Type 277 as fitted in the other ships of the Class and the communication

                                equipment was up-dated during the refit)

 

October.                 Under refit.

to                            Commanding Officer: Lieut. Cdr. F J Rand Royal Navy.

December

 

1 9 4 8

 

January                  Under refit at Rosyth

                7th          Post refit trials.

                                Resumed A/S training duties at Londonderry.

 

February                A/S Training and Fleet exercises in continuation based at Londonderry.

to

December

 

1 9 4 9

 

January                  A/S training in continuation.

to                            Transferred to 3rd Training Flotilla when 4th Escort Flotilla renamed.

March                    Commanding Officer: Lieut. Cdr. P W B Ashmore MVO, DSC RN.

                                (Later Vice Admiral Sir Peter Ashmore KCB, KCVO, DSC).

 

April                       Under refit at Rosyth.

to                            (Note: Captain D G F W Macintyre, a renowned Battle of the Atlantic escort

August                  commander became Senior Officer of Flotilla in this period.

                                He was the author of a number of authoritative books on WW2 naval

                                activities).

 

September             Resumed A/S training duties with Flotilla at Londonderry

to                            (Note: Ship complement was reduced because of severe manning problems affecting

December              the RN during 1949).

 

1 9 5 0

 

January                  A/S training duties at Londonderry in continuation.

to                            New Commanding Officer: Lieut. Commander T F Page RN.

September

 

October                  Under refit by HM Dockyard, Rosyth November

                                Post refit trials.

 

November

                3rd          Towed disabled trawler LETTID into Leith.

                                Minimal salvage awards paid later.

                                Captain's share was £8.

 

December

                18th        Commanding Officer: Lieut. Commander R J E Cundall RN.

 

1 9 5 1

 

January                  Deployed with Flotilla for A/S training at Londonderry

to

March

 

April                       Detached with ships of Flotilla to join search in English Channel for the sunken submarine

                                HMS AFFRAY.

 

May                        Channel deployment in continuation.

 

June                        On release resumed A/S training duties at Londonderry.

to

August

 

September             Took part in Horns Fleet exercises and visited Horsa and Kiel (Exercise ASSESS).

to

October

 

November              A/S training duties with Flotilla at Londonderry in continuation.

to

December

 

1 9 5 2

 

January                  Londonderry deployment in continuation.

to                            Nominated for modernisation and to be reduced to Reserve status.

March                    To be relieved by HM Destroyer TYRIAN in 3rd Training Flotilla.

 

April                       Passage to Portsmouth to reduce to Reserve status pending modernisation.

                                Placed in Care and maintenance at Portsmouth.

 

May                        Laid up at Portsmouth in Reserve Fleet pending modernisation. December

to December

 

1 9 5 3

 

January                  In Care and Maintenance at Portsmouth.

to

September

 

October                  Taken in hand for modernisation by HM Dockyard Portsmouth.

                                (Note: Extensive changes were made to weapon and radio equipment fit to suit

                                deployment with other ships.)

 

November              Under modernisation at Portsmouth.

to

December

 

1 9 5 4

 

January                  Under modernisation at Portsmouth.

to                            (Note: Ship upper deck equipment to be preserved prior to re-entry into Reserve.

May

 

June                        Post refit trials.

 

July                         Towed to Barry for dehumidification prior to entering Reserve

 

August                  Dehumidification equipment being installed.

to

December

 

1 9 5 5

 

January                  Dehumidification installation in continuation.

                                Selected for operational service and to be taken out of Reserve.

 

February                Towed to Portsmouth to prepare for operational service.

 

March                    Preparing for General Service Commission

to                            Commanding Officer: Commander M L C Crawford DSC* RN.

May                        (Note: In June 1954 the policy relating to foreign service had changed and ships were no

                               longer to remain overseas for 2 years and 6 months. The period spent abroad was to be 24

                                months for a Foreign Service Commission. If combined with a period of service in Home

                                waters the period abroad was to be only twelve months and to be known as a General

                                Service Commission.)

 

June

                21st         Commissioned for service.

                28th        Carried out sea trials and Shakedown for service.

 

July

                2nd         Worked-up at Portland for service with Home Fleet.

                22nd       Returned to Portsmouth to give Leave.

 

August                  Sailed from Portsmouth to join Home Fleet.

 

September

                4th          Deployed with ships of Home Fleet for exercises based at Invergordon.

                18th        Passage to Portland for NATO Exercise with Home Fleet ships.

                26th        Deployed in Channel for exercises.

 

October

                3rd          Passage to Oslo for Home Fleet visit.

                6th          Berthed in city centre alongside HM Australian destroyer QUEENBOROUGH.

                                Open to visitors.

                10th        Embarked HM Britannic Majesty’s Ambassador to Norway and the British Naval Attache.

                                Sailed from Oslo with HM Depot Ship Tyne after delay by fog.

                                Landed passengers at Drombak.

                13th        Withdrawn from Exercise because of machinery defect.

                                Planned visit to Ipswich cancelled and took passage to Portsmouth.

 

November

                9th          Sailed from Portsmouth for foreign service on completion of docking and repairs.

                13th        Arrived at Gibraltar after rough passage in Bay of Biscay.

                15th        Took passage from Gibraltar to Malta.

                21st         Took passage from Malta to Port Said.

                                (Note: Carried out exercises during passage.)

                24th        Transit of Suez Canal.

                                (Note: HM Sloop FLAMINGO being relieved was met during transit.)

                31st         Arrived at Aden.

 

December

                2nd         Sailed from Aden for Bahrein.

                8th          Called at Khor Kuwai

                9th          Arrived at Bahrein. Joined HM Frigate LOCH KILLISPORT

                17th        Patrol with Senior Officer Persian Gulf embarked.

                to            Visited Daz, Yas and Dalma.

                21st         Diverted during patrol to provide medical assistance to RFA WAVE MASTER.

                                Doctor transferred and ship returned to Bahrein.

                22nd       At Kuwait for R&R period.

                27th        Returned to Bahrein.

 

1 9 5 6

 

January

                1st           Provided Guard for Annual Reception given by Ambassador to Ruler of Bahrein.

                3rd          Deployed for patrol in north of Persian Gulf.

                to            Visited Basra and Bandar Mashur where visits were arranged to oil installations

                18th        and sporting programme against local teams.

                20th        Deployed for patrol in souther Persian Gulf with visit to Banda Abbas.

                22nd       At Khor Kuwai.

                26th        Arrived at Bahrein after patrol.

 

February                Annual Inspection at Bahrein. Sea Inspection in company with HMS LOCH LOMOND.

                10th        Deployed for patrol and visits to Trucial States.

                to            Call made at Abu Dhabi and visit to Dubai postponed because of weather.

                24th        At Khor Kuwai and landed maintenance party.

                                Exercised main armament in Elphinstone Inlet.

                                Resumed patrol with calls at Dubai and Aljman.

                                RAF personnel from RAF Sharjah visited ship at Dubai

                                (Note: HM Frigate LOCH KILLISPORT returned to UK on relief by HMS LOCH LOMOND).

 

March                    Programmed departure for docking at Colombo postponed due to local disturbances.

                                Landing party provided to aid civil power.

                                (Note: Civil demonstrations were planned to take place during visit to Bahrein

                                by Mr Selwyn Lloyd, Foreign Secretary.)

                2nd         Ship's divers retrieved 211 drums of scrap metal from a sunken barge at Sitra oil fuel depot.

                4th          Programme again changed and ship sailed with despatch for Aden.

                                During passage diverted to Mombasa.

                                (Note: The machinery problems experienced during later service were then stated to be a direct

                                result of this high speed passage).

                11th        Arrived at Mombasa and refuelled

                                Sailed to meet HM East African Ship ROSALIND.

                12th        Embarked Archbishop Makarios who was to be taken to the Seychelles for detention.

                                (Note: Archbishop Makarios, Bishop of Kyrenia, Cyprus was being detained because

                                of his political activities).

                14th        Archbishop disembarked at Port Victoria, Mahe for detention.

                17th        Passage to Colombo for interim, docking and refit.

                23rd        Arrived at Colombo for docking.

 

April                       Under refit at Colombo.

                                (Note: Ship's company spent period at Dyatalawa Rest Camp.

                                Admiral Mountbatten visited ship.)

 

May                        Operational service delayed by engine defects during post refit trials.

                2nd         Passage to Trincomalee on completion of repair.

                                Planned participation in the Atomic Weapon trials at Montebello, Australia cancelled

                                because of earlier dib version to Seychelles.

                3rd          Arrived at Trincomalee.

                                Took part in exercises with East Indies Squadron including HM Cruiser SUPERB.

                                SQUID firing demonstration failed due to batch of faulty mortar bombs.

                28th        On release from Fleet exercises took passage to Cochin.

                29th        Passage to Cochin.

 

June

                1st           Visited RIN Training Establishment at Cochin.

                                Calls exchanged with RIN officers

                                Extensive programme of entertainments arranged.

                5th          Passage to Bombay with heavy monsoon swell.

                8th          Visited Bombay.

                13th        Took passage to Karachi.

                15th        At Karachi where further entertainment had been arranged but the visit was marred somewhat

                                by the effects of the local water supplies !

                20th        Took passage to Aden.

                26th        Arrived at Aden.

                                Met HMS LOCH ALVIE taking passage to UK.

                                Experienced severe sandstorm conditions at Aden.

 

July

                6th          On receipt of Admiralty signal ordered to assist ss CORABANK which had reported

                                running short of fuel near Socotra.

                7th          After delay in making contact with ss CORABANK led mercantile to safe anchorage

                to            at Bandar Delisha, Socotra and remained until RFA WAVE SOVEREIGN arrived.

                8th          Took passage to Bahrein to resumed Persian Gulf duties.

                13th        Joined HMS LOCH FYNE on arrival at Bahrein.

                20th        Deployed on patrol in north of Persian Gulf with visits to Fao and Basra in the Shatt-el-Arab.

                to

                30th

                31st         Took passage from Basra to Bahrein.

 

August                  Deployed at Bahrein to provide aid to civil power in rotation with HMS LOCH FYNE.

                12th        Carried out patrol in south of Persian Gulf and visited islands of Bu Mjsa and Tumb.

                to

                13th

                14th        Dismantled equipment from base at Khor Kuwai for return to Bahrein.

                16th        Deployed at Um Said to assist civil power if required.

                                (Note: Civil unrest was anticipated because of Suez Canal crisis).

                18th        Returned to Bahrein.

                20th        Carried out Trucial coast patrol.

                21st         At Um Said.

                23rd        At Khor Kuwai.

                                (Note: Exercised armament during patrol.)

                26th        Resumed patrol and visited Dubai, Yaz and Damar.

 

September

                2nd         Returned to Bahrein.

                10th        Deployed for patrol and visited Hallul, Daz and Sir Abu Nair.

                to

                13th

                14th        Returned to Bahrein.

                15th        Final visit to Basra.

                22nd       Returned to Bahrein.

                24th        Took passage to return to UK after calls at Bu Mjsa, Tumb and Kassab.

                26th        At Khor Kuwai. Relieved by HMS LOCH KILLISPORT.

                27th        Sailed from Khor Kuwai for Mombasa.

 

October

                5th          At Mombasa.

                7th          At Zanzibar.

                8th          At Dar-es-Salam.

                16th        At Simonstown

                28th        At Freetown

                29th        Sailed for UK from Freetown.

 

November

                8th          Arrived at Portsmouth to pay off and refit.

                                Taken in hand for refit by HM Dockyard, Portsmouth. Later entered dry dock

 

December              Under refit

                5th          Re-commissioned with Royal Marines Detachment.

                                Ship's Company accommodated in RNB.

                                Commanding Officer: Commander D A Loram MVO  Royal Navy.

 

1 9 5 7

 

January                  Under refit.

                25th        HMS LOCH ALVIE called at Portsmouth on passage to the Persian Gulf from Chatham.

 

February                Under refit

                18th        Ship's Company began living on board.

 

March                    Post refit trials.

                4th          Commenced sea trials.

                7th          Service of Dedication held on board.

                9th          Sailed from Portsmouth for work-up at Portland.

                11th        Commenced working-up.

 

April                       Work-up in continuation.

                8th          HRH Prince Michael of Kent began 5 day visit to ship.

 

May                        Easter Leave period and preparation for foreign service.

                17th        Took passage for Bahrein via Cape of Good Hope.

                                Returned to Portsmouth for machinery repair.

                19th        Sailed from Portsmouth after repair work completed.

                29th        Arrived at Freetown

 

June

                11th        Arrived at Simonstown.

                21st         Arrived at Das-es-Salaam.

                                Met HM Cruiser CEYLON, Flagship of East Indies Squadron.

                                CinC visited ship.

 

July

                1st           Arrived at Khor Kuwai after rough passage from Das-es-Salaam

                2nd         HMS LOCH ALVIE and HMS LOCH KILLISPORT arrived,

                4th          Arrived at Bahrein.

                11th        Deployed for visit to Basra.

                12th        Placed in quarantine because of outbreak of Asian Flu.

                14th        Took passage to Bahrein

                18th        Embarked ammunition for delivery to Trucial Oman Scouts at Dubai.

                19th        Deployed for patrol to intercept Dhows known to be smuggling arms and personnel to support

                                insurgent operations.

 

August

                4th          RM Detachment landed at Bahrein to assist civil power until arrival of military units from

                                Kenya.

                                (Note: Units were also landed by the other two LOCH Class Frigates based at Bahrein).

                                Deployed for Batina coast patrol with visit to Dubai.

                                Refuelled at Khor Kuwai from RFA GOLD RANGER.

                10th        RM Detachment rejoined ship at Dubai.

 

September             Deployed on Batina coast patrol and visited Muscat.

                                During call at Um al Quawain the Captain and officers were entertained by the local Sheik

                                which included a Kusi (‘Mutton Grab’).

 

October                  Batina coast patrol in continuation with refuelling at Khor Kuwai.

                                Stood by Costa Rican mercantile ss ADLAI which had grounded in Gulf of Oman.

                                Remained with disabled ship which had extensive flooding until tug arrived.

                                (Note: Mercantile was towed by tug to Karachi. No salvage payments were made).

                10th        Visited Umm Said on Qatar Peninsular.

                                Excursion arranged for officers to Dakhan oil field by air.

                                Local installations under construction including oil discharge terminal were also visited.

                                Returned to Bahrein after visit.

 

November

                4th          Deployed for patrol in northern Gulf with visit to Fao in Shatt-el-Arab.

                14th        Sailed from Fao after hospitable reception by oil company.

                                On arrival at Bahrein prepared for CENTO exercises in Indian Ocean.

                23rd        Arrived at Karachi after carrying out Batina coast patrol.

                25th        Took part in CENTO Exercise (CRESCENT) off Karachi with HMS LOCH ALVIE,

                to            HM Cruiser GAMBIA and Indian, Pakistan, US and Turkish warships.

                30th        (Sea serials included convoy defence against air and submarine attacks, surface gunnery

                                firings and damage control).

 

December              Exercise CRESCENT deployment in continuation

                1st           Deployed with CENTO warships.

                to            Diverted from programmed visit to Trincomalee for Christmas.

                10th        (Note: Required for service in north of Arabian Sea in case of further unrest in Oman.)

                11th        Took passage to Aden from Karachi.

                                (Note: This diversion prevented ship taking part in review of CENTO warships by President

                                of Pakistan)

                                On arrival carried out patrol off Batina coast.

                17th        Arrived Aden and joined HM Cruiser GAMBIA.

                18th        Deployed at Aden.

                                (Note: This was ship’s first visit and every advantage was taken to buy items on sale at prices

                                far lower than in UK. Estimated expenditure by ship £3,000.)

 

1 9 5 8

 

January                  Aden deployment in continuation.

                                Extensive hospitality offered by service messes.

                7th          Visited Djibouti, French Somaliland.

                9th          Relieved HMS GAMBIA at Berbera, British Somaliland to provide aid to civil power.

                                (Note: Civil Authorities feared threat of strike and civil unrest

.                               RM Detachment landed and released after two days.)

                12th        Called to Aden to collect fodder, embarked two heifers at Socotra for passage to Bahrein for

                                Ruler's herd.

                                (Note: Presence on board made necessary changes to the normal 'Clean Ship' routine but were

                                a great novelty for an ship’s company.)

                16th        Disembarked cows at Sitra and took passage to Karachi for self refit and docking.

                25th        Docking period at Karachi enabled previous contacts to be renewed and the British community

                to            were again most hospitable. Ship's dinghies entered Karachi Yacht Club dinghy sailing contest

                31st         and won the Mauritius Cup.

 

February

                1st           Docking period at Karachi in continuation.

                to

                8th

                10th        Passage from Karachi to resume Persian Gulf duties.

                                Carried out Batina coast patrol during passage.

                16th        Arrived at Bahrein and prepared for further patrol.

                                Deployed for Batina coast patrol.

                                Returned to Bahrein and deployed in north of Persian Gulf for patrol.

 

March                    Patrol duty in continuation and prepared for Annual Inspection.

                11th        Sea Inspection off Muscat with LOCH RUTHVEN as consort.

                                On return to Bahrein Harbour Inspections completed.

                                Prepared for passage to Mombasa and deployed for Batina coast patrol before ship

                                took passage.

                                Called at Muscat.

                30th        Sailed from Muscat but returned after medical emergency.

                                Landed Gunnery Officer and then took passage.

                                Diverted to carry cut search for Norwegian mercantile SKAUBRYN which was on fire

                                in Indian Ocean. Ship was carrying emigrants from Bremerhaven to Australia.

 

April                       Deployed in search for ss SKAUBRYN.

                2nd         Mercantile found deserted and taken in tow.

                                (Note: 1,288 passengers and crew were rescued on 31st March by ss CITY OF SYDNEY

                                and ship abandoned).

                4th          Tow handed over to Dutch tug CYCLOPS and passage to Mombasa resumed.

                                (Note: ss SKAUBRYN foundered during tow on 6th April.

                                No salvage awards made.)

                8th          During visit to Mombasa diverted with despatch to assist in security duties after local

                               disturbances.

                                (Note: Whilst at Aden two ratings, ERA Spreadborough and LM(E) Williams were injured in

                                a bomb throwing incident whilst ashore. They recovered in due course but did not

                                return to UK on board.)

                23rd        On release from duties at Aden took passage to Portsmouth vie Red Sea.

 

May                        Passage to Portsmouth in continuation.

                2nd         At Malta.

                9th          At Gibraltar

                14th        Arrived at Portsmouth to Pay-off, re-commission and refit.

 

June                        Under refit

to

July

 

August                  Under refit

                6th          Re-commissioned for service in Persian Gulf

                                Commanding Officer: Commander D E P George RN.

 

September             Post Refit trials

                                Passage to Portland for work-up.

 

October                  Work-up in continuation.

                17th        Returned to Portsmouth to prepare for service.

                                Under repair.

 

November              Under repair.

                17th        Sailed for foreign service from Portsmouth

 

December              Passage in Red Sea.

                5th          At Aden.

                8th          Arrived at Bahrein.

                23rd        Visited Abadan for Xmas period.

                28th        Passage to Bahrein.

 

1 9 5 9

 

January

                2nd         Deployed for Batina coast patrol.

                15th        Returned to Bahrein.

 

February                Deployed for patrol and visited Banda Abbas, Horeramz and Banda Mashur.

                18th        At Mina al Amadi (Kuwait) for R&R.

                                Continued patrol with visits to Gannaveh, Bushire and Kharg.

                24th        Returned to Bahrein.

 

March

                7th          Deployed for Batina coast patrol with calls at Das and Muscat.

                21st         Returned to Bahrein.

 

April                       Carried out Batina coast patrol

                13th        Returned to Bahrein.

                14th        Took part in exercises with HMS LOCH ALVIE until 16th.

                20th        Deployed for patrol in southern Gulf.

                22nd       Visited Abu Dhabi.

                23rd        Returned to Bahrein to prepare for passage to Karachi for docking.

                29th        Arrived at Karachi.

 

May                        Docking period in continuation.

                27th        Passage to resume Persian Gulf patrol duties.

 

June

                1st           Arrived at Bahrein

                8th          Passage to north Persian Gulf.

                9th          Visited Abadan.

                12th        Resumed patrol and passage to Bahrein with call at Kisim.

                16th        At Bahrein.

                19th        Took part in exercises at Khor Kuwai with other ships of Squadron.

                26th        Withdrawn from exercise due to defective propeller shaft..

                                Took passage to Karachi for docking to examine shaft.

                                (Note: Relieved on Station by HM Destroyer CAPRICE from Singapore until arrival of

                                HMS LOCH KILLISPORT.

 

July

                7th          Shaft examination in Karachi showed extensive repair required and withdrawn from service.

                                Took passage to UK via Aden.

 

August                  On passage in Red Sea.

                13th        Transit of Suez Canal.

                30th        Sailed from Gibraltar for Portsmouth.

 

September             Passage in Atlantic.

                9th          Arrived at Portsmouth.

                                Paid-off and taken in hand for repair and refit.

 

October                  Under repair

to                            (Note: Planned completion date 5th January 1950 Ex Trials)

December              New Commanding Officer appointed: Commander R R Whalley RN.

 

1 9 6 0

 

January                  Under repair.

                6th          Carried out harbour trials.

                19th        Re-commissioned at Portsmouth for service in Home Fleet and Persian Gulf as part

                                of 6th Frigate Squadron.

 

February                On completion of sea trials took passage to Portland for work-up.

 

March                    Work-up completed and prepared for Home Fleet service.

                19th        Passage to Iceland area for Fishery Protection duties.

                20th        Deployed off Iceland.

 

April                       Iceland Patrol in continuation.

                9th          Passage to UK on relief from Iceland Patrol duty.

                                Deployed with Home Fleet.

 

May                        Prepared for foreign service at Portsmouth.

                10th        Took passage to Gibraltar.

                16th        Sailed from Gibraltar for visit to Messina.

                20th        At Messina.

                24th        Sailed for Port Said.

 

June                        Passage in Red Sea.

                2nd         Called at Perim Island for investigation of wrecked destroyer KHARTOUM.

                                (Note This warship was beached after an accidental explosion on 23rd June 1940.)

                3rd          At Aden.

                                Somali ratings joined ship.

                                Repair on fractured steam pipe carried out by repair ship HARTLAND POINT.

                                Accident in Gemini Dinghy involving SBS personnel.

                7th          Carried out Dhow Patrol on passage to Bahrein with call at Muscat

                                SBS party, Staff Intelligence Officer and National Guard officer embarked

                8th          Steering Gear defect.

                                Reverted to emergency mode using hands pump.

                                (Note: Ship was Not Under Control in shipping lane.)

                10th        Landed SBS party at Darsait

                11th        Took part in CASEX with ships of Squadron.

                13th        Arrived at Bahrein.

                15th        Commodore Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf on board.

                16th        Deployed for Dhow patrol and visited Little Quoin Island

                18th        At Muscat.

                20th        RM Detachment carried out Exercise MUDLARK 7.

                30th        Returned to Bahrein en completion of patrol.

 

July                         R&R Period at Mina al Amadi (Kuwait) before further Batina coast duty.

                                Generous hospitality afforded.

                                On completion carried out Batina coast patrol and called at Dubai and Muscat.

                                (Note: Harbour at Dubai was under construction by Dutch firm).

                                Deployed of Trucial coast after return to Bahrein and called at Dubai.

                                Problems experienced with mail deliveries.

                23rd        Returned to Bahrein from patrol and began Maintenance Period.

 

August                  At Bahrein under maintenance.

                4th          Port engine main bearing defect and only one shaft available.

                5th          Mercantile ss STEEL RECORDER found aground but assistance not required.

                                Returned to Bahrein for repair to Port Engine.

                15th        Took part in exercises with HMS LOCH LOMOND.

                22nd       Rear Admiral Fitroy Talbot, Flag Officer Middle East embarked for visit to Dubai

                                and Sharjah.

                                Deployed on Truncial coast patrol off Musandam Peninsula.

                27th        Deployed for Batina coast patrol

 

September             Batina coast patrol in continuation with visit to Muscat and Abu Dhabi.

                3rd          Took part in Squadron exercises with HMS LOCH LOMOND at Jebel Danna

                to

                14th

                17th        Returned to Bahrein.

                24th        Deployed for patrol in central Gulf area and visited Banda Mashur and Dubai.

                30th        Returned to Bahrein.

                                (Note: Defective Sonar Recorder repaired after arrival of HMS LOCH RUTHVEN with

                                replacement item from UK)

 

October

                5th          Took part in exercises with HMS LOCH LOMOND in Bahrein area.

                to

                10th        Deployed for Batina coast patrol and visited Muscat.

                20th        Carried cut further exercises with HMS LOCH LOMOND.

                24th        Joined Exercise MIDLINK III at Karachi with HMS LOCH LOMOND.

                                (Note: This was a multi national exercise with warships of CENTO powers)

 

November              Exercise MIDLINK III in continuation.

                10th        On completion took passage to Bombay for visit.

                12th        At Bombay for visit.

                                Generous hospitality from British community.

                                Captain and Officers attended Tea Party given by Mayor at short notice.

                18th        Took passage to Cochin.

                24th        Sailed for docking period at Karachi.

                28th        Commenced Routine Docking at Karachi naval dockyard.

 

December              Docking and self refit period at Karachi.

                27th        On completion sailed for Bahrein to resume Squadron duties.

                                (Note: HMS LOCH LOMOND sailed for UK on 29th).

                30th        At Bahrein and prepared for Squadron exercise.

 

1 9 6 1

 

January

                2nd         Took part in Exercise ASPEX 7 with HMS LOCH FYNE, HMS LOCH RUTHVEN and ships

                to            of Amphibious Warfare Squadron based at Bahrein.

                12th        (Note: During this exercise a disaster was avoided by the prompt action of one of ship's

                                officers when a Landing Craft disembarking troops slipped away from beach).

                17th        Official visit to Dubai flying Flag of FOASPG to attend enthronement of the new Ruler Said,

                to            who replaced his father .

                20th        Later visited Sharjah

                21st         Deployed for Air-Sea Rescue duties in Arabian Sea during Royal Flight to India by HM Queen

                                Elizabeth and HRH The Duke of Edinburgh.

                25th        Self-maintenance Period at Bahrein

 

February                At Bahrein for self-maintenance.

                10th        Deployed Batina coast patrol.

                                Towed RHINO Ferry from Bahrein to Muscat for collection by the Commando Carrier

                                HMS BULWARK.

                                Carried out patrol and called at Socotra before taking departure for Mombasa.

                22nd       At Mombasa.

                25th        At Tanga

                                (Note: This period was remarkable for several reasons including the exceptional arrangements

                                made by British residents for all the ship's company. Visits were made to an inland

                                Malaria Control Centre and a logging camp.

                                Compared with the period in the Persian Gulf the increase in leave breaking was

                                a notable feature because of the extensive shore-going attractions.

                                As the ship had to anchor off shore this situation brought particular problems calling for

                                especial vigilance.)

 

March                    Passage from Tanga.

                1st           Visited Lindi.

                                (Note: Chart found out of date.

                                Captain visited Logging Camp by air to a site 90 miles away.

                                Further outstanding hospitality from European residents.

                3rd          Visited Mtwara and had an alongside berth.

                                (Note: Excellent arrangements and splendid fishing.)

                6th          Visited Das-es-Salaam.

                7th          Returned to Mombasa. Station leave granted.

                                (Note: First signs noted of the departure of Asian community).

                16th        Took passage from Mombasa to Aden with call at Lamu on 17th.

                24th        At Aden. Somali ratings disembarked.

                                Met HMS LOCH ALVIE.

                                (Note: Extensive purchases by ship's company.)

                27th        Embarked District Commissioner and family for visit to Perim.

                                On return sailed for official visit to Massawa to the Ethiopian naval base and the military

                                academy.

                                (Note: An Army coup had just taken place in Addis Ababa).

                29th        At Massawa and official calls exchanged with naval and military authorities.

 

April

                lst            Russian activities noted in Red Sea.

                2nd         Visited Port Sudan. Hospitable welcome by Oil Company personnel.

                                (Note: Port facilities not impressive.

                                Yugoslav nationals appear to be running Coastguard organisation).

                8th          Transit of Suez Canal.

                10th        Arrived at Tobruk for 20th Anniversary of the Siege of Tobruk.

                                Anchored off shore.

.               11th        Joined in rehearsals for Anniversary programme. Provided two Officers, Seamen and RM for

                to            ceremonial parade.

                12th

                14th        Fired Gun Salute for King Idris of Libya who was attending.

                                (Note: This event was attended by Australian veterans who had travelled in rms ORONTES,

                                specially chartered for this occasion.

                                Parade included Platoons from the Royal Navy and Royal Marines with the British Army

                                represented by contingents from The Black Watch and Royal Scots.

                                An RAF VULCAN aircraft did a flypast.)

                23rd        Called at Gibraltar.

                27th        Arrived at Portsmouth.

 

May                        Passage to Chatham to Pay-off and for Long Refit.

                                Reduced to LRP Complement.

                                Transferred to Reserve Fleet to await Dockyard attention.

                24th        Taken in hand for Long Refit by HM Dockyard, Chatham.

 

June                        Under refit at Chatham

to                            (Note: Extensive work carried out included the installation of a centralised air conditioning

December              system for all forward structure compartments. Her radars, weapons and wireless

                                communication equipments were also modernised.

 

1 9 6 2

 

January                  Under refit by HM Dockyard, Chatham

to

May

 

June                        Carried out post refit harbour trials.

                26th        Re-commissioned for service in Far East with 3rd Frigate Squadron.

                                Commanding Officer: Commander W H Hart AFC RN(P) (TAS).

 

July

                4th          Carried out Sea Trials in Thames estuary and North Sea.

                7th          Arrived at Portsmouth to prepare for work-up.

                16th        Commenced work-up at Portland.

                20th        Returned to Portsmouth and carried cut further trials in Thames Estuary.

                26th        Resumed work-up.

 

August                  Worked -up at Portland.

 

September             Work-up in continuation.

                17th        Returned to Portsmouth.

                                Taken in hand for repair.

 

October

                3rd          On completion of repair prepared for foreign service.

                8th          Took passage to Gibraltar.

                12th        At Gibraltar.

                15th        Took passage to Aden with call at Malta.

                28th        Arrived at Aden.

                31st         Took passage to Colombo.

 

November              Diverted from Programme to remain available in Indian Ocean.

                8th          At Colombo.

                10th        Deployed in Indian Ocean and called at Diego Garcia.

                                (Note: During this period there was political unrest in the Maldives being used

                                by the USA as a base.

                                A Guardship was deployed at Gan which was an RAF Staging Post

                                used by military flights to and from UK to Singapore.

                                Planned programme in Far East was not implemented and ship was retained

                                in the Indian Ocean).

 

December              Indian Ocean deployment in continuation.

                6th          Deployed at Male, Maldives to aid civil power.

                7th          Took passage from Can to join Squadron at Singapore.

                13th        On arrival taken in hand for repair.

                                (Note: Confrontation (KONFRONTASI) operations in Borneo commenced on 8th

                                December.)

 

1 9 6 3

 

January                  Under repair at Singapore.

 

February                Resumed Flotilla duties.

                1st           Deployed at Labuan for support of military operations.

                17th        Returned to Singapore.

 

March                    Deployed for patrol in Pacific.

                9th          Arrived at Manus, Admiralty Islands.

                11th        Sailed for Suva.

                18th        At Suva.

                29th        Passage to Phoenix Island for Air-Sea Rescue duties.

 

April

                3rd          Deployed at Air-Sea Rescue station during Royal Flight.

                                On release took passage to Guam.

                13th        At Guam.

                16th        Took passage to Hang Kong from Guam.

                23rd        Arrived at Hong Kong for Self Maintenance Period.

 

May

                9th          Deployed for visit to Japanese ports and took passage from Hong Kong,

                13th        At Moji, Kyushu.

                18th        At Marzuru.

                24th        At Muroran, Hokkaido

                28th        Took passage for Tawau from Muroran.

 

June

                5th          At Tawau, Sabah, Borneo for support of military operations and piracy patrol.

                19th        Took passage to Hong Kong.

 

July                         Deployed at Hong Kong.

                27th        Passage to Tawau for KONFRONTASI support and patrol duties.

 

August                  Support and patrol duty in continuation.

                                Deployed at Tawau, Lahad Data and Kuching with call at Singapore.

                29th        Passage to Hong Kong from Kuching.

 

September             Deployed at Singapore.

                16th        Passage from Hong Kong for Exercise DOVETAIL off Singapore.

                20th        On completion of DOVETAIL took passage to Singapore.

 

October                  Deployed at Singapore in support of KONFRONTASI operations.

                13th        Carried out KONFRONTASI support based at Kuchin..

                19th        Deployed at Tawau in continuation.

                28th        Passage to Singapore.

 

November              Prepared for refit and recommissioning.

                11th        Taken in hand for refit by HM Dockyard, Singapore.

                18th        Recommissioned for service in 3rd Frigate Squadron.

                                (Commanding Officer: Commander M C Evelegh, RN (C).

 

December              Under refit.

 

1 9 6 4

 

January                  Under refit

                29th        Commenced post refit trials.

 

February                Completed post refit trials.

                                Shakedown and passage to Hong Kong.

                13th        Passage to Singapore.

                28th        At Singapore and prepared for Exercise JET.

 

March                    Took part in multi national exercise in Indian Ocean.

                19th        Resumed Flotilla duties at Singapore.

 

April                       Nominated for detached service in Indian Ocean.

                2nd         Passage to Gan for Guardship duty.

                9th          Deployed as Guardship.

                14th        Passage to Mombasa for visit and maintenance.

                26th        Deployed for patrol off Zanzibar

                to            Embarked Kenyan Police personnel and Landrover at Lamu for excercise.
                30th

 

May

                2nd         Returned to Mombasa. HM Frigate GURKHA in company.

                14th        Carried out Independent exercises to prepare for future exercises.

                                SQUID Mortar firing failed due to defective projectiles.

                29th        Took part in exercises with HM Commando Carrier CENTAUR, HM Destroyer

                                CAVENDISH and RFA TIDEREACH

 

June

                1st           Took passage to Aden.

                                Embarked SQUID projectiles from RFA FORT LANGLEY.

                4th          At Aden.

                                Visited by Flag Officer, Middle East.

                                Leading Radio Operator disrated and sent to RNDQ.

                6th          Passage to Bahrein and refuelled from RFA WAVE CHIEF.

                12th        Deployed at Bahrein. Maintenance period.

                21st         Embarked Pilotless Target Aircraft for use during exercises.

 

June

                22nd       Took part in Exercise FOMEX 18

                                Serials included firing against Pilotless Target Aircraft and main armament for

                                shore bombardments.

                26th        Landed PTA at Bahrein.

                28th        Steering Gear defect.

                29th        Took part in anti-submarine exercises with HM Submarine AENEAS

                to            (Exercise FCMEASWEX)

                30th        Carried cut Fast Replenishment with RFA WAVE CHIEF.

                                Carried out shoot against target towed by HM Frigate MOHAWK.

 

July                         Exercise in continuation including anti-submarine serials.

                3rd          Returned to Bahrein on completion of Exercise.

                6th          Took part in exercise with Amphibious Warfare Squadron and 3 Para at Yaz Island.

                10th        Under repair at Bahrein.

                21st         Resumed operational service.

                22nd       Carried out Jackstay transfer with RFA APPLELEAF for training film.

                23rd        Deployed on Enow patrol.

                29th        Took part in Amphibious exercise at Yaz.

                31st         Returned to Bahrein.

 

August                  At Bahrein.

                3rd          Under repair at Bahrein

                to            Ship at Extended Notice because of machinery problems.

                9th          (Note: This may have been due to time away from dockyard support and conditions.

                10th        Resumed patrol duties and sailed for Batina coast Dhow patrol.

                14th        On return further machinery repair required.

                20th        Resumed patrol duty in southern Persian Gulf and called at Das.

                22nd       Returned to Bahrein.

                25th        HMS JUFAIR Families Day.

                                Open to visitors.

                26th        Took passage to Bombay with HMS GURKHA.

                31st         Arrived at Bombay after machinery defects on passage.

 

September             Under repair at Bombay.

                7th          Passage to Gan for Guardship duty.

                14th        Passage to Singapore.

                16th        At Singapore.

 

October                  Deployed at Singapore.

                                Increasing defect load.

                28th        Taken in hand for docking and defect repairs.

 

November              Under repair.

 

December              Resumed Flotilla duties on completion.

                13th        Took passage to Hong Kong.

                18th        At Hong Kong for Xmas period.

 

1 9 6 5

 

January

                2nd         Took passage for KONFRONTASI patrol off Borneo based at Tawau

                25th        Passage to Singapore en completion of patrol.

                29th        Arrived at Singapore.

 

February                Deployed at Singapore.

                4th          Re-commissioned for service with 3rd Frigate Flotilla

                                Commanding Officer: Commander D Mansell Royal Navy.

                27th        Self Maintenance Period at Singapore.

 

March

                8th          Resumed Flotilla duties on completion of SMP.

                13th        Took passage to Hong Kong.

                21st         Passage to Borneo for KONFRONTASI support and patrol.

                25th        Deployed at Tawau.

 

April                       Borneo duties in continuation.

                21st         Returned to Singapore.

 

May                        Took part in multi-national exercises in Gulf of Thailand with Commonwealth, US

                                and Thai warships.

                4th          Visited Bangkok.

                8th          Took passage to Hong Kong.

                13th        Arrived at Hong Kong.

                19th        Passage to Singapore.

                24th        Prepared for refit.

                31st         Taken in hand for refit by HM Dockyard, Singapore.

 

June                        Under refit.

to

August

 

September             Transferred to 26th Escort Squadron when 3rd Frigate Flotilla disbanded.

                5th          Commenced post refit trials and Shakedown for service.

                30th        Deployed for Squadron duties on completion of Shakedown.

 

October

                7th          Took passage to Hong Kong.

                12th        At Hong Kong.

                                Under repair.

                25th        Return passage to Singapore.

                30th        Arrived at Singapore

 

November              Deployed at Singapore.

 

December

                9th          Took passage for KONFRONTASI support and Borneo patrol.

                14th        At Cebu.

                20th        At Tawau.

 

1 9 6 6

 

January                  KONFRONTASI support and Borneo Patrol based at Tawau in continuation.

                                (Note: This was final KONFRONTASI deployment).

                8th          Took passage to Hong Kong.

                12th        Self Maintenance at Hong Kong.

                24th        Took passage to Singapore.

                29th        Arrived at Singapore.

 

February                Deployed at Singapore.

                28th        Taken in hand for docking and repair.

 

March                    Under repair.

 

April                       Re-commissioned for service with 26th Escort Squadron at Singapore.

                                Commanding Officer: Commander W H Barnard RN (P).

                7th          Resumed Squadron duties at Singapore.

 

May                        Deployed with Squadron at Singapore.

                13th        Took passage to Hong Kong.

                18th        At Hong Kong.

                27th        Took passage to Singapore.

 

July

                2nd         Deployed at Singapore with Squadron.

                15th        Carried out work-up exercises with Squadron.

                24th        Self maintenance at Singapore.

 

August                  Resumed exercises with Squadron.

                26th        Completed exercises.

 

September

                3rd          Took passage to Hong Kong.

                8th          At Hong Kong.

                21st         Return passage to Singapore.

 

October                  Deployed locally at Singapore

                8th          At Penang.

                12th        Left Penang for Squadron duties.

                31st         Arrived at Singapore and prepared for refit.

 

November              Under refit.

to

December

 

1 9 6 7

 

January                  Under refit

                12th        Post refit trials and on completion resumed Squadron duties at Singapore.

 

February                Deployed at Singapore with Squadron.

                18th        At Penang for final visit.

                22nd       Sailed from Penang for Squadron duties.

 

March                    Deployed with Squadron.

 

April                       Squadron duties in continuation.

                24th        Passage to Hong Kong.

                29th        At Hong Kong.

 

May

                1st           Took passage from Hong Kong for visits to Japanese ports and exercises.

                6th          At Simizu, Honshu.

                10th        At Yokohama till 15th.

                16th        At Shiogama till 18th.

                19th        At Qninato, North Honshu.

                20th        At Hakodate, Hokkaido.

                24th        Took passage to return to Hong Kong.

                29th        Arrived at Hong Kong.

 

June

                3rd          Took passage to Singapore.

                9th          Arrived at Singapore.

                19th        Self Maintenance Period.

 

July

                10th        Resumed Squadron duties.

                25th        At Hong Kong.

 

August

                9th          Passage to Singapore.

                13th        Arrived at Singapore and prepared for passage to UK.

                                Commanding Officer for return passage: Lieutenant Commander M J Rogerson RN)).

                                (Note: Return passage via Mauritius and Simonstown came as a great bonus and was

                                much appreciated by the ship's company and a final accolade before Paying-off

after 23 years service).

                21st         Took passage to Gan from Singapore.

                28th        At Gan.

                31st         Passage to Mauritius.

 

September

                2nd         At Mauritius

                4th          Passage to Simonstown.

                12th        At Simonstown.

                16th        Took passage to Gibraltar

 

October

                5th          At Gibraltar.

                7th          Took passage to Portsmouth

                11th        Arrived at Portsmouth to pay off and reduce to Reserve status

  

F i n a l   P h a s e

 

HMS LOCH FADA was placed on the Disposal List after reduction to Reserve. The ship was lent to the British Aircraft Corporation (now BAe) in 1968 for trials of the SEAWOLF missile, then under development. On 5th November 1968 she broke away from her moorings in Luce Bay, near Stranraer and drifted into the Irish Sea. The ship was later recovered and towed to Pembroke Dock where she was found unusable for further trials. This frigate lay at Pembroke Dock until sold to BISCO for breaking-up by Metal Industries at Faslane where she arrived on 28th May 1970. (Note: By strange coincidence, 17 years later in 1985 on the same date, the Trials Vessel LONGBOW being used by BAe for Development Trials of the Vertical Launched SEAWOLF System by the RN, also broke away from her mooring in Cardigan Bay.)

 


 

Addendum

 

CONVOY ESCORT MOVEMENTS of HMS LOCH FADA

by Don Kindell

 

These convoy lists have not been cross-checked with the text above

         

Date convoy sailed

Joined convoy as escort

Convoy No.

Left convoy

Date convoy arrived

 

 

 

 

 

29/09/44

30/09/44

ONS 033

02/10/44

14/10/44

14/10/44

15/10/44

ONS 034

17/10/44

01/11/44

29/10/44

30/10/44

ONS 035

01/11/44

15/11/44

28/11/44

30/11/44

ONS 037

01/12/44

21/12/44

19/12/44

unknown

HX 327

unknown

02/01/45

23/01/45

unknown

HX 334

unknown

06/02/45

02/02/45

03/02/45

OS 108KM

03/02/45

05/02/45

18/02/45

unknown

HX 339

unknown

03/03/45

07/03/45

09/03/45

ON 289

10/03/45

25/03/45

11/03/45

11/03/45

MKS 088G

19/03/45

19/03/45

03/05/45

unknown

HX 354

unknown

18/05/45

20/05/45

20/05/45

TBC 164

23/05/45

23/05/45

 

 

 

 

 

(Note on Convoys)

 

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