|
JANUARY 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
MONDAY
1st JANUARY |
DIPLOMACY
5th -
Inter-Allied Conference assembles in Rome to discuss co-operation, and the
questions of Macedonia, Greece, the command of the Salonika expedition, and
to convene a shipping conference. (Discussions continued on the 6th and 7th.)
BRITAIN
3rd -
General Sir Douglas Haig promoted Field-Marshal (see December 10th, 1915).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
RUMANIA
3rd -
Focsani taken by German forces.
5th -
Braila taken by German forces.
6th - Last
Russian and Rumanian forces evacuate the Dobrudja (see August 25th, 1916, and
December 3rd, 1918).
|
EAST AFRICA
3rd - Action
of Beho-Beho begins.
4th -
Action of Beho-Beho ends.
Russian "Peresvyet" |
MERCHANT
SHIPPING
6th -
"Inter-Allied Chartering Committee" established for chartering
shipping (see December 3rd, 1916, and November 3rd, 1917).
ALLIED TROOP MOVEMENTS
3rd - First
units of Portuguese Expeditionary Force land in France (see August 8th, 1916,
and June 17th, 1917).
MINE
WARFARE
4th -
Russian battleship "Peresvyet" (left, reclassified as cruiser
- Photo Ships) sunk by mine off Port Said.
|
MONDAY
8th JANUARY |
DIPLOMACY
10th - Entente Governments send joint reply to President
Wilson's Note. Allied war aims outlined (see December 18th, 1916.)
10th - Belgian Government reply to President Wilson's Note
placing themselves in hands of Allies (see December 18th, 1916, and September
15th, 1918).
11th - Austro-Hungarian and German Governments issue Note
repudiating responsibility for continuance of war, and declaring that they
will prosecute the war to successful end (see December 12th and 30th, 1916,
and September 15th, 1918).
RUSSIA
8th - M.
Tropov, Russian Premier, resigns and is succeeded by Prince Golitsin (see
November 24th, 1916, and March 13th, 1917).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
PALESTINE FRONT
9th - Action of Rafah. Last Turkish troops in Sinai
recross the frontier (see January 26th, 1915).
MESOPOTAMIAN FRONT
9th - Battle of Kut, 1917, begins (see December 13th,
1916, and February 23rd and 24th, 1917).
|
JAPANESE NAVY
14th - Japanese battle cruiser "Tsukuba"
(below - Photo ships) sunk by
internal explosion in harbour.
U-BOAT WARFARE
9th - H.M.S. "Cornwallis" sunk by submarine in
Mediterranean.
|
MONDAY
15th JANUARY |
DIPLOMACY
17th -
Inter-Allied Conference ("Commission de Ravitaillement") (Russia,
France, Great Britain and Italy represented) assembles at Petrograd to
discuss war policy, finance, supplies and co-operation (see February 20th).
19th -
German Government send instructions to German Minister in Mexico (von
Eckhardt) to negotiate alliance with Mexico and Japan against the United
States (see February 28th). |
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
EAST AFRICA
20th - General Hoskins succeeds General Smuts in command
of British forces, East Africa (see February 19th, 1916, and May 30th, 1917).
|
NAVAL
PRIZES
15th -
Italy accedes to Franco-British Convention as to naval prizes (see November
9th, 1914).
|
MONDAY
22nd JANUARY |
DIPLOMACY
24th -
Greek Government make formal apology to the Allies for the occurrences of
December 1st, 1916.
RUSSIA
27th - M.
Pokrovski, Russian Foreign Minister resigns (see December 12th, 1916, and
March 15th, 1917). |
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
The Patrol Zones in the Mediterranean (Newbolt,
Vol 4, pp276) |
ALLIED NAVIES
24th - Allied Naval Conference held in London as to policy
in Mediterranean (see November 30th). (Plan - left)
NORTH SEA
23rd - Harwich flotilla action with German 6th torpedo
boat flotilla in the North Sea: H.M.S. "Simoom" sunk.
BRITISH COASTAL RAID
25th - Southwold and Wangford on the
Suffolk coast shelled by German destroyers.
ARABIA
24th - Wejh captured by Arab forces (with RN support)
(link
to part of British despatch)
|
MONDAY 29th JANUARY
|
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
|
U-BOAT
WARFARE
31st
- German Government announce forthcoming "unrestricted" submarine
warfare and threaten to sink hospital ships (see February 1st).
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 211
ships of 380,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's
War Losses)
|
FEBRUARY 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
THURSDAY
1st FEBRUARY |
DIPLOMACY
3rd -
United States of America sever diplomatic relations with Germany (see April
6th).
TURKEY
4th - Sa'id Halim, Turkish Grand Vizier, resigns
(Appointed in 1913): succeeded by Talaat Pasha (see October 13th, 1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
EGYPT/WESTERN DESERT
3rd - Affairs in the Siwa Oasis (West Egypt.) begin (see
5th).
|
U-BOAT
WARFARE
1st -
German "unrestricted submarine
warfare" begins (see January 31st).
1st -
Norwegian Government forbid all foreign submarines to use Norwegian
territorial waters (see October 13th, 1916).
|
MONDAY
5th FEBRUARY |
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
EGYPT/WESTERN DESERT
5th - Affairs in the Siwa Oasis end (see 3rd and 8th).
8th - British operations against the Senussi come to an
end (see 5th, and November 23rd, 1915).
|
|
MONDAY
12th FEBRUARY |
DIPLOMACY
14th -
British Government inform Japanese Government that they will support Japanese
claims to German possessions north of the Equator if it is understood that
Japan will support similar British claims south of the Equator (see December
16th, 1914).
AUSTRALIA
17th -
Australian War Government formed. |
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
|
U-BOAT WARFARE
13th - Scandinavian Governments' joint protest against
German submarine warfare published.
|
MONDAY
19th FEBRUARY |
DIPLOMACY
20th - Inter-Allied
Conference ("Commission de Ravitaillement") at Petrograd dissolves
(see January 17th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
25th -
German forces withdraw from front line positions on the Ancre (see November
18th, 1916, and March 14th, 1917).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
The British and German Dispositions in the Dover Straits, February
25-26, 1917 (Newbolt, Vol 4, pp353) |
MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT
23rd - Kut
reoccupied by British forces (see 24th, and January 9th).
24th -
Battle of Kut, 1917, ends. Turkish Army retreats from Kut (see 23rd, and
January 9th).
25th - The
pursuit to Baghdad begins (see 24th, and March 11th)
|
U-BOAT WARFARE
25th - British S.S. "Laconia" (below - Photo
Ships) sunk by submarine
(see 27th).
STRAITS OF
DOVER
(plan - far left)
25th -
German destroyer raid on Margate and Broadstairs - on the Dover Barrage (see March 18th).
|
MONDAY
26th FEBRUARY |
DIPLOMACY
28th -
German proposals to Mexico for alliance against the United States published
in the American Press (see January 19th). |
WESTERN
FRONT
26th - Anglo-French Conference assembles at Calais to
discuss operations, the co-operation of the armies and the co-ordination of
operations by the French Commander-in-Chief (continued on 27th) (see March
12th).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
26th - President Wilson in address to Congress asks for
power to arm merchant ships (see February 21st, 1916, and March 12th, 1917).
U-BOAT WARFARE
27th
- President Wilson states that he considers sinking of "Laconia"
the "overt act" for which he was waiting (see 25th, and April 6th).
MERCHANT SHIPPING (cont)
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 308
ships of 546,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's
War Losses)
|
MARCH 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
THURSDAY
1st MARCH |
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
PERSIA
2nd - Hamadan (Western Persia) recaptured by Russian
forces (see August 10th, 1916, and March 16th, 1918).
|
MINE WARFARE
1st - British hospital ship "Glenart Castle"
(below - Photo Ships) damaged by mine between Havre and Southampton (see February 26th, 1918,
when sunk).
|
MONDAY
5th MARCH |
GERMANY
8th -
Count-Zeppelin dies.
|
WESTERN
FRONT
The Balkans (Newbolt, Vol 4, pp100) |
EASTERN FRONT
BALKAN FRONT
11th - Allied Offensive in Macedonia to free Monastir
begins (see 23rd). (plan-left)
|
MESPOTAMIAN
FRONT
7th -
Passage of the Diyala (near Baghdad) (7th/10th).
11th - Baghdad occupied by British forces (see February
25th).
PERSIA
11th - Kirmanshah (Western Persia) again taken by Russian
forces (see July 1st, 1916, and February 25th, 1918).
|
H.S. "Glenart Castle" |
MONDAY
12th MARCH |
DIPLOMACY
14th - China severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see
August 14th).
FRANCE
17th - M. Briand, French Premier, and Minister for Foreign
Affairs, resigns (see 20th, and October 30th, 1915). General Roques, French
Minister for War, resigns (see 20th, and March 16th, 1916).
RUSSIA
13th -
Prince Golitsin, Russian Premier, removed from office by Revolutionary party
(see 12th, 15th, and January 8th); General Byelyaev, Russian Minister for
War, removed from office by Revolutionary party (see 12th, 15th, and January
17th).
14th - New
Provisional Government proclaimed in Russia (see 12th, 22nd, and November
8th).
15th -
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, abdicates (see 12th, and July 16th, 1918).
Prince Lvov appointed Russian Premier (see 13th, 14th, and July 19th). M.
Milyukov appointed Russian Foreign Minister (see 14th, January 27th, and May
16th). General Guchkov appointed Russian Minister for War (see 13th, 14th, and
May 16th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
12th - Anglo-French Conference assembles in London to
discuss relations of British and French commanders in the Western Theatre,
and employment of prisoners of war in the fighting zone (see February 26th,
1917, and March 26th, 1918).
14th -
German retreat from the Somme to the
"Hindenburg Line" begins (see February 25th and April 5th).
17th - Roye
occupied by French forces (see August 30th, 1914, and March 26th, 1918).
17th -
Bapaume occupied by British forces (see September 26th, 1914, and March 24th.
1918).
18th -
Peronne and Noyon occupied by Allied forces (see September 21st, 24th, and
25th, 1914; and March 24th and 25th, 1918).
AVIATION
17th - German airship "L.-30"
destroyed at Compiegne when returning from raid on England.
|
EASTERN FRONT
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
12th - Russian Revolution begins (see 13th, 14th and
15th).
BALKAN FRONT
Allied
Offensive in Macedonia continues.
Above and right - following raid of March 17-18, Dover Straits
dispositions for Daytime and Light Nights |
MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT
14th -
Action of Mushaidiya.
PERSIA
17th -
Karind (West Persia) occupied by Russian forces.
........ for Dark Nights - Bad and Fine Weather
(Newbolt, Vol 4, pp366) |
MERCHANT SHIPPING
12th - United States Government announce arming of all
merchant vessels in the war zone (see February 26th).
RUSSIAN NAVY
16th - Mutiny breaks out in Russian Baltic Fleet (see
12th, and June 21st).
CRUISER
WARFARE
16th -
Action between German raider "Leopard " and H.M.S.
"Achilles" and Armed Boarding Steamer "Dundee":
"Leopard " sunk.
(link to British despatches, RN awards and casualties.)
BRITISH
COASTAL RAID (plan - below)
18th -
German destroyer raid on Ramsgate and Broadstairs
-
on the Dover Barrage
(see April 26th).
The British and German Dispositions in the
Dover Straits, March 17-18, 1917 (Newbolt,
Vol 4, pp361; also see plans - left) |
MONDAY
19th MARCH |
DIPLOMACY
22nd - Provisional Government in Russia
recognised by Great Britain, France, Italy, United States of America,
Rumania, and Switzerland (see 14th).
BRITAIN
20th -
First meeting of British Imperial War Conference (see December 19th, 1916).
FRANCE
20th - M.
Ribot succeeds M. Briand as French Premier and Minister for Foreign Affairs
(see 17th, December 12th, 1916, and September 9th, 1917). M. Painleve
appointed French Minister for War (see 17th, September 12th and November
14th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
German retreat from the Somme to the
"Hindenburg Line" continues. |
EASTERN FRONT
BALKAN FRONT (plan - below)
23rd - Allied Offensive in Macedonia ends (see
11th).
Operations in the Aegean (Corbett, Vol 3, Map Case No.5) |
PALESTINE
FRONT
24th -
British offensive into Palestine begins (see 26th).
PERSIA
25th -
Qasr-i-Shirin (Western Persia) again taken by Russian forces (see June 20th,
1916, and July 8th, 1917).
|
CRUISER
WARFARE
22nd -
German raider "Moewe" returns to Kiel from her second cruise (see
November 26th, 1916).
U-BOAT
WARFARE
19th -
French battleship "Danton" (below - Photo Ships) sunk by submarine in Mediterranean.
21st -
British hospital ship "Asturias" torpedoed off Start Point.
|
MONDAY
26th MARCH |
DIPLOMACY
30th -
Russian Provisional Government issue Proclamation acknowledging the
Independence of Poland (see 14th, November 5th, 1916, and April 5th, 1917).
31st - The Emperor
of Austria makes secret proposal, conveyed in a letter to Prince Sixte of
Bourbon, to the French President (M. Poincare) to open conversations with a
view to peace (see April 11th, 1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
German retreat from the Somme to the
"Hindenburg Line" continues.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
PALESTINE
FRONT
26th -
First Battle of Gaza begins (see 27th).
27th -
First Battle of Gaza ends (see 26th, and April 17th).
|
U-BOAT
WARFARE
30th -
British hospital ship "Gloucester Castle" torpedoed between Havre
and Southampton, but towed in.
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 366
ships of 596,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's War Losses)
|
APRIL 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
SUNDAY
1st APRIL |
|
WESTERN
FRONT
German retreat from the Somme to the
"Hindenburg Line" continues.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
|
|
MONDAY
2nd APRIL |
DIPLOMACY
5th -
British Government inform Russian Provisional Government of their adherence
to the principle of an independent and united Poland (see March 30th and
September 12th, 1916, and January 10th, 1917).
6th -
United States of America declare war on Germany (see February 3rd).
7th - Cuba
and Panama declare war on Germany.
8th - Austria-Hungary
severs diplomatic relations with United States of America, (see December
7th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
5th -
German retreat to the "Hindenburg
Line" completed (see March 14th).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT
4th -
Khanaqin (North-East of Baghdad) again occupied by Russian forces.
|
MINE
WARFARE
3rd -
H.M.S. "Jason" (below - Photo Ships), torpedo gunboat sunk by mine off west coast of
Scotland.
|
MONDAY
9th APRIL |
DIPLOMACY
9th -
Russian Provisional Government (see March 14th) issue Proclamation to Allied
Governments declaring in favour of self-determination of peoples and a
durable peace.
10th -
Bulgaria severs diplomatic relations with the United States of America.
11th -
Brazil severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see October 26th).
13th -
Bolivia severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
|
WESTERN
EUROPE
9th -
Battles of Arras, 1917, begin with Battle
of Vimy Ridge (see 14th) and First Battle of the Scarpe, 1917 (see 23rd,
and May 4th).
14th -
Battle of Vimy Ridge and First Battle of the Scarpe end (see 9th).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
|
US NAVY
9th - Admiral Sims, United States Navy,
arrives in England (see June 18th).
MINE WARFARE
10th -
British hospital ship "Salta" mined off Havre.
|
MONDAY
16th APRIL |
DIPLOMACY
20th -
Turkey severs diplomatic relations with the United States of America.
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Battles of Arras, 1917, continue.
16th -
French 1917 Offensive begins with the
Second Battle of the Aisne (see 20th).
17th -
"Battle of the Hills" (Champagne) begins. ("La Bataille des
Monts," otherwise called the Third Battle of Champagne) (see 20th).
20th -
French Offensive stopped (see 16th):
Battles of the Aisne and of "The Hills" end (see 16th and 17th).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
The British and German
Dispositions in the Dover Straits, April 20-21, 1917
(Newbolt, Vol 4, pp371) |
PALESTINE
FRONT
17th -
Second Battle of Gaza begins (see 19th, and March 27th).
19th -
Second Battle of Gaza ends (see 17th, and October 27th).
MESOPOTAMIAN FRONT
22nd - Action of Istabulat (21st/22nd).
H.M.S. "Broke" |
JAPANESE
NAVY
17th -
Japanese flotillas join Allied forces in the Mediterranean (see February 8th,
1916, and November 15th, 1917).
U-BOAT
WARFARE
17th -
British ambulance transports "Lanfranc" and "Donegal"
torpedoed and sunk in English Channel.
STRAITS OF
DOVER (plan - far left)
20th -
Second German destroyer raid on Straits of Dover (night 20th/21st). Action by
the "Swift" and "Broke" (left - Photo Ships) (see October 26th, 1916, and
February 15th, 1918).
|
MONDAY
23rd APRIL |
DIPLOMACY
27th -
Guatemala severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see April 23rd, 1918).
FRANCE
29th - General Petain appointed Chief of French General
Staff (see December 3rd, 1915, and May 15th, 1917).
PORTUGAL
25th - Dr. A. Augusto da Costa succeeds Dr. A. J.
d'Almeida as Portuguese Premier (see March 15th, 1916, and December 10th,
1917).
UNITED
STATES
28th -
United States Congress pass Bill for raising 500,000 men (see 6th, and May
18th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Battles of
Arras, 1917, continue:
23rd -
Second Battle of the Scarpe, 1917 (Arras) (23rd/24th) (see 9th, and May 3rd).
28th -
Battle of Arleux (Arras) (28th/29th). |
EASTERN
FRONT
BALKAN
FRONT
24th -
First Battle of Doiran begins (first phase 24th/25th) (see May 9th).
|
MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT
24th -
Samarra taken by British forces (23rd/24th).
|
BRITISH
COASTAL RAID
26th -
Second German destroyer raid on Ramsgate (night 26th/27th) (see March 18th).
28th - S.S. "Medina", sunk by "UB.31" |
MONDAY
30th APRIL
|
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Battles of
Arras, 1917 continues.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
BALKAN
FRONT
First Battle of Doiran continues.
|
CAUCASUS
FRONT
30th –
Mush, Armenia, occupied by
Turkish forces (see August 24th, 1916). |
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 458
ships of 882,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's
War Losses) (see Diagram - below left)
|
MAY 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
TUESDAY
1st MAY |
DIPLOMACY
5th -
Liberia severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see August 4th).
GREECE
2nd –
Professor Lambros, Greek Premier, resigns and is succeeded by M. Zaimis (see
October 10th, 1916, and June 24th, 1917).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
2nd - Third
Battle of the Scarpe, 1917 (Arras), begins (see 4th, and April 23rd).
2nd - Battle of Bullecourt (Arras) begins (see 17th).
4th - End of Third Battle of the Scarpe, 1917 (see 3rd)
brings Battles of Arras, 1917, to
an end (see April 9th).
4th -
Craonne (Aisne) retaken by French forces (see September 1st, 1914, April
16th, 1917, and May 27th, 1918).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
BALKAN
FRONT
First Battle of Doiran continues.
5th -
Battle of the Vardar, Macedonia begins (see 22nd).
|
June 1916 to April 1917 - Diagram showing
the Progress of the Submarine Campaign in the Various Theatres of
Operations (Newbolt, Vol 4, pp382) |
US NAVY
2nd - First
United States destroyer flotilla arrives at Queenstown (see June 18th).
|
MONDAY
7th MAY |
|
WESTERN FRONT
Battle of
Bullecourt continues.
10th - Major-General J. Pershing appointed to command
United States Expeditionary Force (sec June 8th).
AVIATION
7th - First night air raid on London. Single aeroplane by
moonlight (see November 28th, 1916, and September 4th, 1917, and May 19th,
1918).
|
EASTERN FRONT
BALKAN FRONT
Battle of
the Vardar, Macedonia continues.
9th - First Battle of Doiran ends (second phase 8th/9th)
(see April 24th, 1917, and September 18th, 1918).
ITALIAN FRONT
12th - Tenth Battle of the Isonzo begins (see June 8th).
|
|
|
MONDAY
14th MAY
|
DIPLOMACY
17th - Honduras severs diplomatic relations with Germany
(see July 19th, 1918).
18th - Nicaragua severs diplomatic relations with Germany
(see May 8th, 1918).
FRANCE
15th -
General Foch succeeds General Petain as Chief of the French General Staff of
French Ministry of War (see October 8th, 1914, and November 27th, 1917).
RUSSIA
16th - M.
Kerenski succeeds General Guchkov as Russian Minister for War (see March 15th
and November 8th). M. Tereshchenko succeeds M. Milyukov as Russian Foreign
Minister (see March 15th and November 8th).
19th - Russian Provisional Government issue declaration
repudiating a separate peace.
SERBIA
20th - Serbian Government transferred from Corfu to
Salonika (see February 9th, 1916, and December 9th, 1918).
UNITED
STATES
18th -
Compulsory Service Act becomes law in the United States of America (see April
28th).
|
WESTERN FRONT
17th - Battle of Bullecourt ends (see 3rd).
15th - General Petain succeeds General Nivelle as
Commander-in-Chief of French Northern and North-Eastern Groups of Armies (see
April 29th, 1917, and November 19th, 1918).
19th -
United States Government announce decision to send a Division of the United
States Army to France at once (see June 25th).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
BALKAN FRONT
Battle of the Vardar, Macedonia continues.
ITALIAN FRONT
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo continues.
|
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
17th - The British Admiralty, following on a Cabinet
decision, appoint a Committee, in conjunction with the Ministry of Shipping,
to draw up a plan to convoy merchant ships (see June 14th and July 2nd).
NORTH SEA
14th - German airship "L.-22" destroyed in North
Sea by British warships.
ADRIATIC
15th - Action between Austrian and British naval light
forces in the Straits of Otranto: 14 British drifters sunk.
|
MONDAY
21st MAY
|
HUNGARY
23rd -
Count Tisza, Hungarian Premier, resigns (Appointed June 10th, 1913.) (see
June 15th, 1917, and October 31st, 1918).
|
WESTERN FRONT
AVIATION
25th - First great aeroplane raid on England (Kent and
Folkestone) to cause heavy casualties. Total 290, over half civilians (see
December 21st, 1914, and July 20th and August 5th, 1918).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
BALKAN
FRONT
22nd -
Battle of the Vardar ends (see 5th).
ITALIAN FRONT
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo continues.
|
|
U-BOAT WARFARE
26th - British hospital ship "Dover Castle" sunk
by submarine in the Mediterranean.
|
MONDAY
28th MAY |
DIPLOMACY
28th -
Anglo-French Conference assembles in London to discuss the deposition of King
Constantine of Greece and the occupation of Athens and Thessaly (continued on
29th) (see June 11th).
PERSIA
29th -
Vossuq ed Douleh, Persian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, resigns (see
August 29th, 1916, June 6th, 1917, and August 7th, 1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
ITALIAN FRONT
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo continues.
|
EAST AFRICA
30th - General van Deventer succeeds General Hoskins in
command of British forces in East Africa (see January 20th).
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 374
ships of 609,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's
War Losses)
|
JUNE 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
FRIDAY
1st JUNE |
DIPLOMACY
3rd - Italy
proclaims Protectorate over an independent Albania.
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
ITALIAN FRONT
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo continues.
|
|
|
MONDAY
4th JUNE |
DIPLOMACY
9th -
Russian Provisional Government refuse a German proposal for an unlimited
armistice.
PERSIA
6th - Ala es Sultaneh again appointed Persian Prime
Minister and Foreign Minister (see May 29th and November 24th, 1917, and
January 19th, 1918).
|
WESTERN FRONT
7th - Battle of
Messines, 1917, begins (see 14th; also November 1st, 1914).
8th - Major-General Pershing arrives in England (see 13th,
and May 10th).
|
EASTERN FRONT
4th - General Brusilov succeeds General Alexeiev as
Russian Commander-in-Chief (see September 5th, 1915, and August 1st, 1917).
BALKAN FRONT
8th – Janina, Greece occupied by Italian forces.
ITALIAN FRONT
8th - Tenth Battle of the Isonzo ends (see May 12th).
|
British Bombardment of Ostend (Newbolt, Vol 5,
pp46) |
ROYAL NAVY
5th - German daylight aeroplane raid on Sheerness and the
Naval establishments on the Medway.
5th - British bombardment of Ostend (plan -
left)
|
MONDAY
11th JUNE |
DIPLOMACY
11th - Santo Domingo severs diplomatic relations with
Germany.
16th - Haiti severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see
July 12th, 1918).
HUNGARY
15th - Count Esterhazy appointed Hungarian Premier (see
May 23rd and August 9th).
GREECE
11th -
Entente Governments present demand to Greek Government for abdication of King
Constantine (see 12th, and May 28th).
12th - King
Constantine of Greece abdicates in favour of his second son, Prince Alexander
(see 11th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
13th -
Major-General Pershing arrives in France (see 8th, find May 10th).
14th -
Battle of Messines, 1917, ends (see
7th; also April 10th, 1918).
17th -
Portuguese troops in action on Western Front for the first time (see August
8th, 1916, and January 3rd, 1917).
AVIATION
13th -
Great German daylight aeroplane raid on London; 157 killed and 432 injured
(see November 28th, 1916, and July 7th, 1917).
14th -
German airship "L.-43" destroyed in the North Sea.
17th -
German airship "L.-48" destroyed by aeroplane at Theberton in
Suffolk. |
EASTERN
FRONT
BALKAN
FRONT
12th -
Corinth and Larissa occupied by Entente forces.
|
|
MERCHANT
SHIPPING
14th - The
British Admiralty formally approve
scheme for convoying merchant ships (see May 17th and July 2nd).
U-BOAT WARFARE
Dispositions for the British Anti-Submarine Operations, June 15-24,
1917 (Newbolt, Vol 5, pp55) |
MONDAY
18th JUNE |
AUSTRIA
18th -
Count Clam-Martinitz, Austrian Premier, resigns (see 23rd, and December 21st,
1916).
23rd - Dr.
Ernst Ritter von Seidler appointed Austrian Premier (see 18th, and June 21st,
1918).
GREECE
24th - M.
Zaimis, Greek Premier, resigns (see May 3rd and June 26th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
19th -
General Currie appointed to command Canadian troops in France.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
|
US NAVY
18th - Admiral Sims, United States Navy, hoists his flag
at Queenstown as acting C.-in-C. Irish Command (see April 9th and May 2nd).
RUSSIAN NAVY
21st -
Mutiny breaks out in the Russian Black Sea Fleet at Sevastopol (see March
16th, 1917, and May 1st, 1918).
|
MONDAY
25th JUNE |
DIPLOMACY
27th - Diplomatic
relations severed (by Greece) with
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey. Declaration of War by Provisional
Government against Germany and Bulgaria of November 23rd, 1916, becomes effective
for the whole of Greece. "State of War" also begins between Greece
and Austria-Hungary and between Greece and Turkey (see 26th).
GREECE
26th - M.
Venizelos appointed Greek Premier (see 24th and 27th, and October 5th, 1915).
27th - M.
Venizelos assumes power at Athens.
|
WESTERN FRONT
25th - First contingent of United States troops arrives in
France (see May 19th).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
29th -
Russian Summer Offensive begins (see
July 18th).
|
PALESTINE
FRONT
28th -
General Allenby succeeds General Sir A. Murray as General Officer Commanding
in Egypt (see March 19th, 1916).
|
U-BOAT
WARFARE
27th -
French cruiser "Kléber" (below - Photo Ships) sunk by submarine, off Brest.
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 352
ships of 708,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's War Losses)
|
JULY 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
SUNDAY
1st JULY |
CHINA
1st -
Manchu Emperor (Hsuan-Fung) restored in China (see June 6th, 1916, and July
6th and 7th, 1917).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
Russian Summer Offensive continues.
|
|
|
MONDAY
2nd JULY |
DIPLOMACY
2nd -
Agreement signed at The Hague for the exchange of combatant and civilian
British and German prisoners of war (see May 13th, 1916).
CANADA
6th -
Conscription Bill carried in Canadian House of Commons (see October 12th).
CHINA
6th -
Li-Yuan-Hung, President of China, resigns and is succeeded by Feng-Kuo-Chang
(see June 6th, 1916, July 7th, 1917, and October 11th, 1918).
7th -
Manchu Emperor abdicates (see 1st and 6th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
AVIATION
7th -
Severe aeroplane raid on England (Margate and London; casualties 250, mostly
civilian: last on London by daylight) (see November 28th, and August 22nd,
1916, and May 19th and July 20th, 1918).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
Russian Summer Offensive continues.
British Anti-Submarine Operations, July 5-8, 1917
(Newbolt, Vol 5, pp122)
|
ARABIA
6th - Aqaba
occupied by Arab forces.
PERSIA
8th -
Russian forces begin withdrawal from Western Persia: Qasr-i-Shirin evacuated
(see May 7th, 1916, March 25th, 1917, and January 8th, 1918).
|
MERCHANT
SHIPPING
2nd - First
regular convoy of merchant ships sails from Hampton Roads (Va.) (Experimental
convoys had been tried in May. Convoys outward from Great Britain did not
start till August.) (see May 17th
and June 14th).
U-BOAT
WARFARE (also plan - far left)
4th - Ponta
Delgada (Azores) shelled by a German submarine.
4th -
Concerted attack by German submarines on United States transports defeated.
|
MONDAY
9th JULY
|
GERMANY
14th - Herr
von Bethmann-Holweg, German Imperial Chancellor, resigns (appointed July
14th, 1909): succeeded by Dr. Michaelis (see October 30th).
15th - Dr.
Artur von Zimmermann, German Foreign Minister, resigns (see November 21st,
1916, and August 5th, 1917).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
Russian Summer Offensive continues.
|
MESOPOTAMIAN FRONT
11th - British attack on Ramadi (11th/14th).
|
ROYAL NAVY
9th - H.M.S. "Vanguard" (below - Maritime
Quest) sunk by internal
explosion in harbour.
|
MONDAY
16th JULY |
DIPLOMACY
22nd - Siam
declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.
BRITAIN
17th -
Proclamation issued changing name of British Royal House to Windsor.
GERMANY
19th - The
Reichstag passes Resolution as to German War Aims (see January 24th, 1918).
RUSSIA
19th - M.
Kerenski succeeds Prince Lvov as Premier of Russia temporarily (see March
15th and August 6th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN
FRONT
18th -
German Counter-offensive on the Eastern
Front: Battle of East Galicia begins (see 28th, and June 29th).
RUMANIA
22nd –
First phase of Battle of Marasesti begins (see August 1st).
|
EAST AFRICA
19th -
Action of Narungombe.
|
ROYAL NAVY
9th - Sir
Edward Carson, First Lord of the Admiralty, Great Britain, tenders his
resignation (see December 12th, 1916, and September 6th, 1917).
|
MONDAY
23rd JULY |
DIPLOMACY
25th - Full Inter-Allied Conference assembles in Paris to
discuss the Balkan situation, with military, naval and political committees
to discuss plans in view of a probable collapse of Russia (Conference
continued on 26th).
27th - Agreement concluded between French and Italian
Governments defining respective zones of influence in Asia Minor (see August
18th).
BRITAIN
28th - Tank
Corps formed in British Army (see September 15th, 1916).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
EASTERN FRONT
24th - Stanislau (see August 10th, 1916) and Tarnopol in
Galicia retaken by Austro-German forces (see 18th).
28th -
Battle of East Galicia ends (see
18th).
RUMANIA
First phase of Battle of Marasesti continues.
|
|
|
MONDAY
30th JULY |
|
WESTERN FRONT
31st - Battles of
Ypres, 1917 (British), begin with Battle of Pilckem Ridge (see August 2nd
and November 10th, 1917, and May 25th, 1915).
|
EASTERN FRONT
30th - Zaleszezyki (Galicia) recaptured by Austro-German
forces (see June 12th, 1916).
RUMANIA
First phase of Battle of Marasesti continues.
|
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 270
ships of 568,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's War Losses)
|
AUGUST 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
WEDNESDAY
1st AUGUST |
DIPLOMACY
1st - The Pope sends Note to belligerent Governments
appealing for peace (see July 30th, 1915).
4th -
Liberia declares war on Germany (see May 5th, 1917, and April 10th, 1918).
BELGIUM
4th - Baron
de Broqueville resigns as Belgian Minister for War (appointed February 28th,
1914) and succeeds Baron Beyens as Minister for Foreign Affairs (see January
18th, 1916, and January 1st, 1918). Lieut.-General A. de Ceuninck appointed
Minister for War (see November 21st, 1918). |
WESTERN FRONT
Battles of
Ypres, 1917, continue:
2nd - Battle of Pilckem Ridge (Ypres) ends (see July
31st).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
1st -
General Kornilov succeeds General Brusilov as Russian Commander-in-Chief (see
June 4th and September 8th).
3rd -
Czernowitz (Bukovina) retaken by Austro-German forces (see June 17th, 1916).
RUMANIA
1st - End
of first phase of Battle of Marasesti (see July 22nd).
|
|
GERMANY NAVY
3rd - Mutiny breaks out in German Fleet at Wilhelmshaven
(see November 3rd, 1918).
CRUISER
WARFARE
2nd -
German commerce raider "Seeadler" wrecked (below - Photo
Ships) on Mopelia Island,
Pacific (see November 22nd, 1916).
|
MONDAY
6th AUGUST |
HUNGARY
9th - Count
Esterhazy, Hungarian Premier, resigns (see 21st, and June 15th).
RUSSIA
6th - M.
Kerenski definitely appointed Prime Minister of Russia (see July 19th,
September 10th, and November 8th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Battles of Ypres, 1917, continue.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
RUMANIA
6th -
Second phase of Battle of Marasesti begins (see 1st, and September 3rd).
|
|
|
MONDAY
13th AUGUST |
DIPLOMACY
14th -
China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary (see March 14th).
18th -
British, French, and Italian Governments conclude provisional arrangement
with regard to future policy in Asia Minor (see May 16th, 1916, and July
27th, 1917).
FRANCE
17th - M.
Cochin succeeded by M. Metin as French Under-Secretary for Blockade (see
March 20th, 1916, and November 16th, 1917). |
WESTERN
FRONT
Battles of
Ypres, 1917, continue:
15th -
Battle of Hill 70 (Lens) begins (see 25th).
16th -
Battle of Langemarck, 1917 (Ypres), begins (see 18th).
18th -
Battle of Langemarck, 1917 (Ypres), ends (see 16th).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
RUMANIA
Second
phase of Battle of Marasesti continues.
ITALIAN
FRONT
17th -
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo begins (see September 12th).
|
|
|
MONDAY
20th AUGUST |
BRITAIN
21st -
Ministry of Reconstruction formed in Great Britain.
HUNGARY
21st - Dr. Wekerle
appointed Hungarian Premier (see 9th and April 17th, 1918).
|
WESTERN FRONT
Battles of
Ypres, 1917, continue:
20th - "Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun (French) begin (French name and dates.)
(see December 15th, 1917, and December 18th, 1916).
25th - Battle of Hill 70 (Lens) ends (see 15th).
AVIATION
21st -
German airship "L.-23" destroyed in North Sea.
22nd - Last German aeroplane raid on England by daylight
(see July 7th and September 2nd).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
RUMANIA
Second phase of Battle of Marasesti continues.
ITALIAN
FRONT
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo continues.
|
|
|
MONDAY
27th AUGUST |
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of
Ypres, 1917.
"Second Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
RUMANIA
Second phase of Battle of Marasesti continues.
ITALIAN
FRONT
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo continues.
|
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 208
ships of 523,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's War Losses)
|
SEPTEMBER 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
SATURDAY
1st SEPTEMBER |
|
WESTERN FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of
Ypres, 1917.
"Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
AVIATION
2nd - First German aeroplane raid on England by moonlight
by more than one aeroplane (see 4th, and May 7th).
|
EASTERN FRONT
1st - Battle of
Riga begins (see 3rd and 5th).
RUMANIA
Second phase of Battle of Marasesti continues.
ITALIAN
FRONT
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo continues.
|
|
|
MONDAY
3rd SEPTEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
4th - Anglo-French
Conference assembles in London to discuss the question of military assistance
to Italy (see 25th).
FRANCE
9th - M.
Ribot, French Premier and Foreign Minister, resigns (see 12th, and March
20th).
RUSSIA
8th -
General Kornilov heads revolt against Russian Provisional Government and
marches on Petrograd (see 10th and 13th, and August 1st).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of
Ypres, 1917.
"Second Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
AVIATION
3rd -
Severe aeroplane raid on Kent by moonlight (casualties about 230, mostly
military).
4th -
German aeroplanes for the first time raid London by night in force (see 2nd).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
5th -
Battle of Riga ends (see 1st and
3rd).
3rd - Riga
captured by German forces (see 1st and 5th, and October l6th).
RUMANIA
3rd -
Battle of Marasesti ends (see August 6th).
ITALIAN
FRONT
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo continues.
|
|
ROYAL NAVY
6th - Sir
Eric Geddes appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, Great Britain (see July
19th).
BRITISH
COASTAL RAID
4th -
German submarine bombards Scarborough, Yorkshire.
|
MONDAY
10th SEPTEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
11th -
First party of repatriated British prisoners reaches England from Switzerland
(see May 13th, 1916).
12th - Central Powers proclaim grant of temporary
Constitution to Poland (see April 5th and October 15th, 1917, and January
10th, 1918).
FRANCE
12th - M.
Painleve succeeds M. Ribot as French Premier (see 9th, and November 14th). M.
Ribot reappointed French Foreign Minister (see 9th, and October 23rd).
RUSSIA
15th - Russia proclaimed a Republic by the Provisional
Government (see 10th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of
Ypres, 1917.
"Second Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
RUSSIAN
REVOLUTION
10th - M. Kerenski assumes Dictatorship of Russia (see
August 6th and November 8th) and issues proclamation declaring General
Kornilov a traitor (see 8th and 13th).
13th - General Kornilov's revolt collapses (see 8th, 10th
and 14th).
14th - General Kornilov surrenders to the Provisional
Government (see 13th).
ITALIAN
FRONT
12th -
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo ends (see August 17th).
|
|
|
MONDAY
17th SEPTEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
20th -
Council of Trans-Caucasian peoples, i.e.,
Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Daghestan, proclaim Trans-Caucasia a
federal Republic (see April 22nd, 1918).
21st -
Costa Rica severs diplomatic relations with Germany (see May 23rd, 1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of
Ypres, 1917:
20th -
Battle of the Menin Road Ridge (Ypres) begins (see 25th).
"Second Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
22nd -
Jakobstadt (Baltic) stormed by German forces (21st/22nd).
|
|
|
MONDAY
24th SEPTEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
25th - Anglo-French
Conference assembles in Boulogne to discuss an Italian offensive and the
extension of the British front in France (see 4th).
|
WESTERN FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of
Ypres, 1917:
25th - Battle of the Menin Road Ridge (Ypres) ends (see
20th).
26th -
Battle of Polygon Wood (Ypres) begins (see October 3rd).
"Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT
(plan - below)
28th -
Action of Ramadi (28th/29th).
Lower Mesopotamia (Corbett, Vol 3, Map Case No.1) |
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 200
ships of 350,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's
War Losses)
|
OCTOBER 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
MONDAY
1st OCTOBER |
DIPLOMACY
5th - Peru
severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
7th - Uruguay severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of
Ypres, 1917:
3rd -
Battle of Polygon Wood (Ypres) ends (see September 26th).
4th - Battle of Broodseinde (Ypres).
"Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
6th - Major-General Pershing, Commanding United States
Army in France, promoted General (see June 13th).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
|
|
U-BOAT WARFARE
2nd -
H.M.S. "Drake" (below - Navy Photos) sunk by submarine in the North Channel.
|
MONDAY
8th OCTOBER |
CANADA
12th -
Canadian War Cabinet formed.
12th -
Compulsory Service Act comes into operation in Canada (see July 6th).
EGYPT
9th - Hussein Kamel, Sultan of Egypt, dies. Succeeded by
Prince Ahmed Fuad, his youngest brother. (See December 19th, 1914).
|
WESTERN FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of
Ypres, 1917:
9th - Battle of Poelcapelle (Ypres).
12th - First Battle of Passchendaele (Ypres) (see 26th).
"Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
|
EASTERN FRONT
|
Operations in the Baltic (Corbett, Vol
3, pp61) |
MINE WARFARE
10th - British hospital ship "Goorkha" damaged
by mine off Malta.
BALTIC (plan - left)
11th - German operations against the Baltic Islands begin
(see 12th).
12th - Osel Island, Baltic, captured by German forces. Operations
not completed until the 16th. (see 11th and 18th).
|
MONDAY
15th OCTOBER |
POLAND
15th -
Polish Regency Council appointed (see Septembor 12th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of
Ypres, 1917.
"Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
AVIATION
19th -
Squadron of 11 German airships attack England, ("L.-44" shot down
at St. Clement; "L.-45" shot down at Larague; " L.-49 "
shot down at Bourbonne-les-Buins on October 20th; " L.-50 " brought
down in the Mediterranean on October 21st.) (Last airship raid on London.)
(See May 31st, 1915, and August 5th, 1918.) |
EASTERN
FRONT
Intercepting Dispositions Ordered by the British Commander-in-Chief,
October 15, 1917 (in anticipation of German operations.
Newbolt, Vol 5, pp150) |
ARABIA
21st -
Turkish attack on Arab stronghold at Petra repulsed.
EAST AFRICA
16th - Action
of Nyangao, German East Africa,
begins.
19th -
Action of Nyangao ends.
Gulf of Riga |
NORTH SEA
17th - German cruisers raid convoy in North Sea and sink
British destroyers "Strongbow" and "Mary Rose" (see
December 12th). (see plan - far left)
BALTIC
(plan - left)
16th -
Naval action in Gulf of Riga. Russian battleship "Slava" (below -
Pat Gariepy) sunk (see
September 3rd).
18th - Moon Island and Dago Island, Baltic captured by
German forces (see 11th and 12th).
20th - German conquest of the Baltic Islands completed
(see 11th, 12th and 18th).
|
MONDAY
22nd OCTOBER |
DIPLOMACY
26th -
Brazil declares war on Germany (see April 11th).
FRANCE
23rd - M.
Barthou succeeds M. Ribot as French Foreign Minister (see September 12th and
November 14th).
ITALY
25th -
Signor Boselli, Italian Premier, resigns (see 29th, and June 15th, 1916).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of
Ypres, 1917:
26th -
Second Battle of Passchendaele (Ypres) begins (see 12th, and November 6th and
10th).
"Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
23rd - Battle of La
Malmaison (Aisne) begins (see
November 1st).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
ITALIAN
FRONT
24th -
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo begins: Austro-German offensive (see December
26th).
28th - Gorizia
retaken by Austro-German forces (see 24th). Udine (Venetia) captured by
Austro-German forces (see 24th).
|
PALESTINE
FRONT
27th -
Third Battle of Gaza begins (see April 19th and November 7th).
|
|
MONDAY
29th OCTOBER |
GERMANY
30th -
Count Hertling succeeds Dr. Michaelis as German Imperial Chancellor (sea July
14th, 1917, and September 30th, 1918)
ITALY
29th - Signor Orlando appointed Italian Premier (see
25th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of Ypres, 1917.
"Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
Battle of La Malmaison.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
ITALIAN
FRONT
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo: Austro-German
offensive continues. |
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 192
ships of 479,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's War Losses)
|
NOVEMBER 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
THURSDAY
1st NOVEMBER |
BRITAIN
1st -
Ministry of National Service formed in Great Britain (see December 19th,
1916).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
Battles of Ypres, 1917.
"Second Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
1st -
Battle of La Malmaison ends (see
October 23rd).
|
EASTERN FRONT
ITALIAN FRONT
Twelfth
Battle of the Isonzo: Austro-German offensive continues:
3rd - Arrival of French troops in Italy announced (see
4th).
4th - Arrival of British troops in Italy announced (see
3rd, and June 30th, 1918).
|
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
3rd - Agreement concluded between British, French and
Italian Governments for provision of tonnage for the Allied food programme
(see November 10th, 1915, January 6th and December 3rd, 1917).
NORTH SEA
2nd - Raid by British naval light forces on the Kattegat
(see April 15th, 1918).
|
MONDAY
5th NOVEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
7th -
Allied Conference at Rapallo. Inception of Supreme War Council (see 27th).
RUSSIA
8th -
Bolshevik coup d'etat in Petrograd.
M, Lenin and M. Trotski assume power. Former succeeds M. Kerenski as Premier
and latter succeeds M. Tereshchenko as Foreign Minister (see 13th, May 16th,
and August 6th).
|
WESTERN FRONT
"Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun continues.
6th - Passchendaele captured by British (Canadian) forces
(see October 26th, 1917, and April 16th, 1918).
10th -
Second Battle of Passchendaele ends (see October 26th) and
Battles of Ypres, 1917, end (see July
31st, 1917, and September 28th, 1918).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
ITALIAN FRONT
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo: Austro-German
offensive continues:
7th -
General Cadorna relieved of the command of the Italian Armies (see May 23rd,
1915, and November 27th, 1917). Succeeded by General Diaz.
11th - Austro-German
forces reach the Piave (see October 24th).
|
PALESTINE FRONT
7th - Third Battle of Gaza ends (see October 27th).
MESOPOTAMIAN FRONT
5th - Action of Tikrit.
6th - Tikrit occupied by British forces (see 5th).
|
|
MONDAY
12th NOVEMBER |
FRANCE
14th – M. Painleve, French Premier and War Minister,
resigns (see 16th, and September 12th). M. Barthou, French Foreign Minister,
resigns (see 10th, and October 23rd).
16th - M.
Clemenceau appointed French Premier and War Minister (see 14th). M. Stephen
Pichon appointed French Foreign Minister (see 14th). M. Jonnart succeeds M.
Motin as French Minister for Blockade (First Minister: formerly Blockade was
under an under-Secretary.) (see 23rd, and August 17th).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
"Second Offensive Battle" of Verdun
continues. |
EASTERN FRONT
RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR
13th - Kerenski's forces defeated by Bolsheviki near
Petrograd (see 8th and 15th).
15th - M. Kerenski flees from Petrograd (see 13th).
ITALIAN FRONT
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo: Austro-German
offensive continues. |
PALESTINE FRONT
3th - Action of El Mughar.
16th -
Jaffa taken by British forces.
17th -
Battle of Nebi Samwil begins (see 24th).
MESOPOTAMIAN
FRONT
18th -
General Sir S. Maude, Commander-in-Chief in Mesopotamia, dies at Baghdad (see
August 28th, 1916): succeeded by Lieut.-General Sir W. E. Marshall.
|
JAPANESE NAVY
15th - Japanese Government unable to comply with request
of British Government that two Japanese battle cruisers should join the Grand
Fleet in the North Sea (see February 8th, 1916, and April 17th, 1917).
NORTH SEA
17th -
Light cruiser action off Heligoland. (see Plans - below far
left and
below)
|
MONDAY
19th NOVEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
20th -
Ukrainian People's Republic proclaimed (see January 3rd, November 15th, and
December 26th, 1918).
21st - Armistice pourparlers begun by Russian Bolshevik
Government with Central Powers (see 8th, 27th and 30th).
FRANCE
23rd - M.
Lebrun succeeds M. Jonnart as French Minister for Blockade (see 16th).
PERSIA
24th - Ain
ed Douleh succeeds Ala es Sultaneh as Persian Prime Minister (see June 6th,
1917, and January 19th, 1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
"Second Offensive Battle" of Verdun
continues.
20th -
Battle of Cambrai, 1917, begins (see
30th, and December 3rd).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
ITALIAN FRONT
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo: Austro-German
offensive continues.
See 17th above right - Plan Illustrating the Orders
Issued on November 16, 1917, to the Forces Detailed for the
Operations in the Heligoland Bight (Newbolt, Vol 5, pp166) |
PALESTINE FRONT
24th -
Battle of Nebi Samwil ends (see 17th).
EAST AFRICA
25th - German force under Colonel von
Lettow-Vorbeck effects passage of the Rovuma and defeats Portuguese force at
Ngomano. German operations in Portuguese East Africa begin (see December 1st,
1917, and September 29th, 1918).
AVIATION
21st -
German airship "L.-59" leaves Yambol (Bulgaria) for East Africa.
(Evidence for this event rests on
German statements only.)
23rd -
German airship "L.-59" reaches East Africa, but turns back without
alighting.
25th - German airship "L.-59"
returns to Yambol from flight to East Africa. |
Extract from Mine Chart Issued to Vice-Admiral Commanding Light
Cruiser Squadrons on November 17, 1917 (Newbolt, Vol 5,
pp168)
Extract from Mine Chart Issued to Vice-Admiral Commanding Battle
Cruiser Squadron (Newbolt, Vol 5, pp168) |
MONDAY
26th NOVEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
27th -
Members of Supreme Council appointed - General Sir H. H. Wilson, General F.
Foch, General Cadorna, and General Bliss (see 7th).
27th - First meeting of Russian and German delegates
behind German lines to arrange for armistice (see 21st and 30th).
28th - Estonia declared independent by the local Diet (see
January 13th, 1918).
29th -
First meeting of Great Inter-Allied Conference opens in Paris.
30th - Austro-Hungarian Government accept Bolshevik
proposals to negotiate for an armistice and peace (see 21st, and December
3rd).
BRITAIN
29th - Air
Force (Constitution) Act, 1917, comes into operation in Great Britain (see
December 21st, 1917, and January 3rd, 1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
"Second Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
Battle of Cambrai:
30th - The
German counter-attacks at Cambrai begin (see 20th, and December 3rd).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
ITALIAN FRONT
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo: Austro-German
offensive continues. |
EAST AFRICA
28th -
German force under Captain Tafel surrenders to the British in the Mwiti
Valley, German East Africa.
|
ALLIED
NAVIES
30th -
Allied Naval Conference formed in London (see January 24th).
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 146
ships of 303,000 tons gross. (Lloyd's War Losses)
|
DECEMBER 1917
|
POLITICAL
|
WESTERN
EUROPE |
EASTERN
& SOUTHERN EUROPE |
ASIA &
AFRICA |
NAVAL &
MARITIME |
SATURDAY
1st DECEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
1st -
Permanent Allied Supreme War Council inaugurated (see November 7th, 1917, and
February 3rd, 1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
Continuing:
"Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun.
Battle of
Cambrai.
|
EASTERN
FRONT
2nd -
Suspension of hostilities between the Russian and German Armies begins (The
actual suspension of hostilities took place on dates fixed by the local Army
Commanders in anticipation of truce arranged between the official
negotiators) (see 8th).
ITALIAN FRONT
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo: Austro-German
offensive continues. |
EAST AFRICA
1st - The last German forces driven out of German East
Africa into Portuguese territory (approximate date) (see November 25th).
|
U-BOAT WARFARE
Diagram Showing Organisation of Local Patrols Falmouth and
Devonport, c December 1917 (Newbolt, Vol 5, pp197) |
MONDAY
3rd DECEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
3rd - First
session of armistice delegates (also known as "Truce Delegates" and
"Peace Delegates.") at Brest-Litovsk—Bolshevik Russia, and
Bulgaria, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey (see 6th, and November 30th).
6th - Finland declares independence (see January 4th,
1918)
7th -
United States of America declare war on Austria-Hungary (see April 8th).
7th -
Ecuador severs diplomatic relations with Germany.
9th -
Armistice ("Truce of Focsani") signed between Rumania and Central
Powers (see 6th, and November 10th, 1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
"Second
Offensive Battle" of Verdun continues.
3rd -
Battle of Cambrai, 1917, ends (see
November 20th, 1917, and October 8th, 1918).
|
EASTERN
FRONT
6th - Truce arranged between Russia and Bulgaria, Central
Powers and Turkey from 7th to 17th. Negotiations suspended (see 3rd and
13th).
7th - Truce between Russia and Central Powers comes into
operation officially (see 2nd and 6th).
8th -
All hostilities on the Eastern front
suspended (see 2nd).
RUMANIA
6th - Hostilities between Rumania and Central Powers
suspended (see 9th and 10th, and March 5th, May 7th, and November 10th,
1918).
ITALIAN FRONT
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo: Austro-German
offensive continues. |
PALESTINE
FRONT
9th -
Jerusalem surrenders to British forces (see 11th).
U.S.S. "Texas"
(Photo
Ships),
Austro-Hungarian "Wien" (now coast defence ship - Photo Ships) |
MERCHANT
SHIPPING
3rd -
Allied Conference in Paris resolve to establish an Allied Maritime Transport
Council (see January 6th and November 3rd, 1917, and February 15th, 1918).
US NAVY
6th -
United States Battleship Division (including U.S.S. "Texas", left), under Rear-Admiral Rodman, joins Grand
Fleet at Scapa Flow.
COASTAL FORCES WARFARE
9th -
Italian naval raid on Trieste harbour (night 9th/10th). Austrian battleship
"Wien" (left) sunk.
|
MONDAY
10th DECEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
10th -
Panama declares war on Austria-Hungary.
13th - Armistice negotiations on Russian front resumed
(see 6th and 15th).
15th -
Armistice signed at Brest-Litovsk between Russian Bolshevik Government and
Bulgaria, Central Powers and Turkey, to begin at noon December 17th, and
terminate January 14th, 1918 (see 13th and 22nd).
16th - Cuba
declares war on Austria-Hungary.
RUSSIA
11th -
Russian Constituent Assembly meet in Petrograd (see 13th).
13th -
Russian Constituent Assembly dispersed by Bolsheviki (see 11th, and November
8th, 1917, and January 19th, 1918). |
WESTERN
FRONT
15th -
"Second Offensive Battle" of
Verdun (French) ends (see August 20th).
|
RUMANIA
10th - Hostilities between Rumania and the Central Powers
cease (see 6th).
BALKAN
FRONT
14th -
General Sarrail recalled from Salonika (see 22nd, and January 16th, 1916).
ITALIAN FRONT
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo: Austro-German
offensive continues.
|
PALESTINE
FRONT
11th -
General Allenby makes formal entry into Jerusalem (see 9th).
|
NORTH SEA
12th - German destroyers raid British convoy in the North
Sea and sink H.M.S. "Partridge" (see October 17th).
U-BOAT
WARFARE
12th - Funchal
(Madeira) shelled by German submarine (see December 3rd, 1916).
14th - French cruiser "Château Renault" (below -
Photo Ships) sunk by
submarine.
|
MONDAY
17th DECEMBER |
DIPLOMACY
17th - British Government give the King of the Hejaz (see
December 15th, 1916, and February 4th, 1918) written assurance of the future
independence of the Arab people.
17th - Armistice between Russia and Central Powers begins
(see 15th).
22nd -
Peace negotiations between Russian Bolshevik Government and Bulgaria, Central
Powers and Turkey opened at Brest-Litovsk (see 15th, and January 5th, 1918).
22nd -
Secret Convention signed at Brest-Litovsk between Germany and Russian
Bolshevik Government concerning Poland.
23rd - Independent
Moldavian Republic (Bessarabia) proclaimed at Kishinev (see April 9th, 1918).
BRITAIN
21st - British Government issue Order in Council
instituting the Air Council (see November 29th, 1917, and January 3rd, 1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
22nd -
Lieut.-General Sir B. C. Maxwell, Quartermaster-General, B.E.F; France,
resigns (see 23rd, and January 27th, 1915).
23rd -
Lieut.-General Sir T. E. Clarke, appointed Quartermaster-General, B.E.F.,
France (see 22nd).
|
With the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty,
the Eastern Front as a heading is no longer generally used. (Hostilities
recommence in 1918)
BALKAN
FRONT
22nd -
General Guillaumat appointed Allied Commander-in-Chief at Salonika (see 14th,
and June 6th, 1918).
ITALIAN FRONT
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo: Austro-German
offensive continues. |
PALESTINE FRONT
21st - Battle
of Jaffa begins.
22nd -
Battle of Jaffa ends.
|
|
MONDAY 24th DECEMBER
|
FRANCE
28th -
French Foreign Minister in speech outlines French War Aims (see January 5th,
1918).
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
ITALIAN FRONT
26th - Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo ends (see
October 24th).
|
PALESTINE
FRONT
26th -
British defence of Jerusalem begins.
30th -
British defence of Jerusalem ends.
|
ROYAL NAVY
26th -
Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, First Sea Lord, Great Britain, resigns (see 27th,
and December 4th, 1916).
27th -
Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss appointed First Sea Lord, Great Britain (see 26th).
|
MONDAY
31st DECEMBER |
|
WESTERN
FRONT
|
|
|
MERCHANT SHIPPING
British, Allied and Neutral
ships lost to enemy submarines, mines and cruisers etc in the month - 182 ships
of 409,000 tons gross. Total for
1917 – 3,267 ships of 6,350,000 tons gross (Lloyd's War Losses)
|